将文本行分组，如果 A=B 且 B=C，则 A=C

Question

我目前正在处理解析dig 命令的输出。该命令输出规范名称，然后输出最后一条记录的实际 IP。

例如，解析dig mail.yahoo.com 会执行以下操作：

borrajax@borrajax.kom /tmp/ $ dig @8.8.8.8 @4.2.2.2 +nocomments \
     +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional \
     +nostats +nocmd mail.yahoo.com

mail.yahoo.com.     0   IN  CNAME   login.yahoo.com.
login.yahoo.com.    0   IN  CNAME   ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com.
ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com. 0   IN  CNAME   ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net.
ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net. 0  IN  CNAME   any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net.
any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net. 49 IN  A   98.139.21.169

所以我希望能够说mail.yahoo.com 解析为98.139.21.169，为此，我需要将mail.yahoo.com“合并”到login.yahoo.com，然后将login.yahoo.com 合并到@987654330 @...等...直到到达最后一个A记录。

在another question 中，我已经有了一个很好的正则表达式来解析dig 的输出，所以我可以很好地清理这些行并将其存储到一个列表中：

[
    ('mail.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'login.yahoo.com'),
    ('login.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com'),
    ('ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net'),
    ('ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net', 'CNAME', 'any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net'),
    ('any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net', 'A', '98.139.21.169')
]

问题是：我怎样才能有效地以一般方式做到这一点，所以如果我在CNAMEs 之间有一些其他随机线，它也可以工作：

[
    ('mail.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'login.yahoo.com'),
    ('foo.com', 'CNAME', 'baz.com'),    # Wooops, watch out!
    ('login.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com'),
    ('ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net'),
    ('baz.com', 'A', '204.236.134.199'), # Wooops, watch out!
    ('ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net', 'CNAME', 'any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net'),
    ('any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net', 'A', '98.139.21.169')
]

所需的输出是：

• mail.yahoo.com 解析为 98.139.21.169
• foo.com 解析为 204.236.134.199

当然，我可以检查所有 CNAMES 以及每次找到它时实际解析的内容，但那将是 O(n^2)... 这太可怕了。

我确信有更好的方法，但我想不出任何方法。提前感谢您的任何想法。

Answer 1

我会建立一个dict 并从那里解决链：

data = [
    ('mail.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'login.yahoo.com'),
    ('foo.com', 'CNAME', 'baz.com'),    # Wooops, watch out!
    ('login.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com'),
    ('ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net'),
    ('baz.com', 'A', '204.236.134.199'), # Wooops, watch out!
    ('ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net', 'CNAME', 'any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net'),
    ('any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net', 'A', '98.139.21.169')
]

data = { t[0]:t[1:] for t in data }

def lookup(host):
    record_type = None
    while record_type != 'A':
        record_type, host = data[host]
    return host

assert lookup('mail.yahoo.com') == '98.139.21.169'
assert lookup('foo.com') == lookup('baz.com') == '204.236.134.199'

Answer 2

这是我的解决方案（有关算法的更多信息，请参阅 cmets）：

import copy

def resolve(arr):
    # create an index for easy access of the urls
    index = {item[0]: item[2] for item in arr}
    # copy the index 
    mapping = copy.copy(index)

    # loop through the index
    for index_key in index: 
        # get the current value
        value = index[index_key]
        # loop through the mapping as long as the final ip address is reached
        # but only if this url wasn't found before
        while value in mapping:
            # remember the new key (so it can be deleted afterwards)
            key = value
            # get the new value
            value = mapping[key]
            # save the found value as the new value (for later use)
            # this reduces the complexity (-> better performance)
            mapping[index_key] = value
            # delete the "one in the middle" out of the mapping array
            # so that the next item don't have to search for 
            # the correct mapping (because the mapping has been found already)
            del mapping[key]

    return mapping

使用此脚本，您可以看到无论列表如何排序，它都会生成相同的输出：

import random

data = [
    ('mail.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'login.yahoo.com'),
    ('foo.com', 'CNAME', 'baz.com'),    # Wooops, watch out!
    ('login.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com'),
    ('ats.login.lgg1.b.yahoo.com', 'CNAME', 'ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net'),
    ('baz.com', 'A', '204.236.134.199'), # Wooops, watch out!
    ('ats.member.g02.yahoodns.net', 'CNAME', 'any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net'),
    ('any-ats.member.a02.yahoodns.net', 'A', '98.139.21.169')
]

# test 50 times
for x in xrange(50):
    # shuffle the data array
    random.shuffle(data)

    print resolve(data)