更新:2021-03-17 最近有人向我指出,ggeffects 包会自动处理不同的 VCOV,包括我最初在下面演示的更复杂的 HAC 案例。后者的快速示例:
library(ggeffects)
library(sandwich) ## For HAC and other robust VCOVs
d <- data.frame(x = c(1,2,3,4,5,6),
y = c(12,24,24,34,12,15))
reg1 <- lm(y ~ x, data = d)
plot(ggpredict(reg1, "x", vcov.fun = "vcovHAC"))
#> Loading required namespace: ggplot2
## This gives you a regular ggplot2 object. So you can add layers as you
## normally would. E.g. If you'd like to compare with the original data...
library(ggplot2)
last_plot() +
geom_point(data = d, aes(x, y)) +
labs(caption = 'Shaded region indicates HAC 95% CI.')
由reprex package (v1.0.0) 于 2021-03-17 创建
我的原始答案如下...
HC 稳健的 SE(简单)
感谢estimatr 包及其lm_robust 函数家族,现在这很容易完成。例如
library(tidyverse)
library(estimatr)
d <- data.frame(x = c(1,2,3,4,5,6),
y = c(12,24,24,34,12,15))
d %>%
ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = 'lm_robust', formula = y~x, fill="#E41A1C") + ## Robust (HC) SEs
geom_smooth(method = 'lm', formula = y~x, col = "grey50") + ## Just for comparison
labs(
title = "Plotting HC robust SEs in ggplot2",
subtitle = "Regular SEs in grey for comparison"
) +
theme_minimal()
由reprex package (v0.3.0) 于 2020 年 3 月 8 日创建
HAC 强大的 SE(更多的跑腿工作)
需要注意的是,estimatr does not 还提供对 HAC 的支持(即异方差性和自相关一致)SEs a la Newey-西。但是,可以使用 sandwich 包手动获取这些...无论如何,这就是原始问题所要问的。然后您可以使用geom_ribbon() 绘制它们。
我要郑重声明,HAC SE 对这个特定的数据集没有多大意义。但这里有一个例子,你可以如何做到这一点,即兴表演 this excellent SO 对相关主题的回答。
library(tidyverse)
library(sandwich)
d <- data.frame(x = c(1,2,3,4,5,6),
y = c(12,24,24,34,12,15))
reg1 <- lm(y~x, data = d)
## Generate a prediction DF
pred_df <- data.frame(fit = predict(reg1))
## Get the design matrix
X_mat <- model.matrix(reg1)
## Get HAC VCOV matrix and calculate SEs
v_hac <- NeweyWest(reg1, prewhite = FALSE, adjust = TRUE) ## HAC VCOV (adjusted for small data sample)
#> Warning in meatHAC(x, order.by = order.by, prewhite = prewhite, weights =
#> weights, : more weights than observations, only first n used
var_fit_hac <- rowSums((X_mat %*% v_hac) * X_mat) ## Point-wise variance for predicted mean
se_fit_hac <- sqrt(var_fit_hac) ## SEs
## Add these to pred_df and calculate the 95% CI
pred_df <-
pred_df %>%
mutate(se_fit_hac = se_fit_hac) %>%
mutate(
lwr_hac = fit - qt(0.975, df=reg1$df.residual)*se_fit_hac,
upr_hac = fit + qt(0.975, df=reg1$df.residual)*se_fit_hac
)
pred_df
#> fit se_fit_hac lwr_hac upr_hac
#> 1 20.95238 4.250961 9.149822 32.75494
#> 2 20.63810 2.945392 12.460377 28.81581
#> 3 20.32381 1.986900 14.807291 25.84033
#> 4 20.00952 1.971797 14.534936 25.48411
#> 5 19.69524 2.914785 11.602497 27.78798
#> 6 19.38095 4.215654 7.676421 31.08548
## Plot it
bind_cols(
d,
pred_df
) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y, ymin=lwr_hac, ymax=upr_hac)) +
geom_point() +
geom_ribbon(fill="#E41A1C", alpha=0.3, col=NA) + ## Robust (HAC) SEs
geom_smooth(method = 'lm', formula = y~x, col = "grey50") + ## Just for comparison
labs(
title = "Plotting HAC SEs in ggplot2",
subtitle = "Regular SEs in grey for comparison",
caption = "Note: Do HAC SEs make sense for this dataset? Definitely not!"
) +
theme_minimal()
由reprex package (v0.3.0) 于 2020 年 3 月 8 日创建
请注意,如果您愿意,也可以使用此方法手动计算和绘制其他稳健的 SE 预测(例如 HC1、HC2 等)。您需要做的就是使用相关的三明治估计器。例如,使用 vcovHC(reg1, type = "HC2") 而不是 NeweyWest(reg1, prewhite = FALSE, adjust = TRUE) 将为您提供与使用 estimatr 包的第一个示例相同的 HC-robust CI。