前言
今年大数据行业火爆异常,大数据的实用点之一在于数据的统计和加工实现数据的“增值”,方便人们从大量的数据统计中得出结论。
对于一个iOS开发程序猿来说不是专门搞大数据开发的,似乎没有多大关系,但后续iOS开发中,各类APP中必然会加入统计表格的形式展示数据,相对于传统的列表形式+各类查询显示,表格形式直观、简洁、通俗易懂,分析更透彻,必然会成为抢手货。
本文介绍一下简易的柱状图、折线图、扇形图三种统计图的制作,希望能帮助到大家
坐标系
利用CAShapeLayer和UIBezierPath绘制坐标系,坐标系中需要绘制的部分如下图所示:
需要绘制的部分有原点、x坐标轴、y坐标轴、坐标轴末尾的箭头和坐标轴上的标度。需要计算位置和长度,需要根据所在页面的大小计算坐标系的位置和大小。
这里给出代码如下:
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CAShapeLayer *layer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPath]; //坐标轴原点
CGPoint rPoint = CGPointMake(1.3*margin, self.zzHeight-margin); //画y轴
[path moveToPoint:rPoint];
[path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(1.3*margin, margin)]; //画y轴的箭头
[path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(1.3*margin, margin)];
[path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(1.3*margin-5, margin+5)];
[path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(1.3*margin, margin)];
[path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(1.3*margin+5, margin+5)]; //画x轴
[path moveToPoint:rPoint];
[path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(self.zzWidth-0.8*margin, self.zzHeight-margin)]; //画x轴的箭头
[path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(self.zzWidth-0.8*margin, self.zzHeight-margin)];
[path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(self.zzWidth-0.8*margin-5, self.zzHeight-margin-5)];
[path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(self.zzWidth-0.8*margin, self.zzHeight-margin)];
[path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(self.zzWidth-0.8*margin-5, self.zzHeight-margin+5)]; //画x轴上的标度
for (int i=0; i<x_itemarr.count; i++) {
[path movetopoint:cgpointmake(1.3*margin+(self.zzwidth-2*margin)=""
(x_itemarr.count+1)*(i+1), self.zzheight-margin)];=""
[path addlinetopoint:cgpointmake(1.3*margin+(self.zzwidth-2*margin)=""
(x_itemarr.count+1)*(i+1), self.zzheight-margin-3)];=""
} =""
画y轴上的标度=""
for (int i="0; i<10; i++) {"
[path movetopoint:cgpointmake(1.3*margin, margin+(self.zzheight-2*margin)=""
11*(i+1))];=""
[path addlinetopoint:cgpointmake(1.3*margin+3, margin+(self.zzheight-2*margin)=""
}=""
layer.path =" path.CGPath;"
layer.fillcolor =" [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;"
layer.strokecolor =" [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;"
layer.linewidth =" 2.0;"
[self.layer addsublayer:layer]; =""
给y轴加标注=""
lab.text =" [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", 10*i];"
lab.textcolor =" [UIColor blackColor];"
lab.font =" [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:size];"
lab.textalignment =" NSTextAlignmentCenter;"
[self addsubview:lab];=""
}<=""
pre=""><p><span
style="font-size:
18px;"><strong>柱状图</strong></span></p><p>在绘制坐标系的基础上,绘制柱状图的原理非常简单,根据x轴的坐标,计算每条柱的高度。</p><p>这里需要注意: </p><p>提供的数据需要转化为自己设定的y轴的刻度单位计算出的高度。另外,柱状图需要占用x轴的宽度,所以柱子的位置需要好好考虑一下放在x轴的什么位置。</p><p>代码如下:</p><pre
class="brush:as3;toolbar:false"> //画柱状图
for (int i=0; i<x_itemarr.count; i++) {
uibezierpath *path =" [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:CGRectMake(1.3*margin+(self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1)*(i+0.7), self.zzHeight-margin-(self.zzHeight-2*margin)/11*[y_itemArr[i] floatValue]/10, 0.6*((self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1)), (self.zzHeight-2*margin)/11*[y_itemArr[i] floatValue]/10-1)];"
cashapelayer *layer =" [CAShapeLayer layer];"
layer.path =" path.CGPath;"
layer.fillcolor =" zzRandomColor.CGColor;"
layer.strokecolor =" [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;"
[self.layer addsublayer:layer];=""
}=""
=""
给x轴加标注=""
for (int i="0; i<x_itemArr.count; i++) {"
cgfloat xlwidth =" ((self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1)) <= 25 ? ((self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1)) : 25;"
uilabel *lab =" [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(1.3*margin+(self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1)*(i+1)-xLWidth/2, self.zzHeight-margin, xLWidth, 20)];"
lab.text =" x_itemArr[i];"
lab.textcolor =" [UIColor blackColor];"
lab.adjustsfontsizetofitwidth =" YES;"
lab.textalignment =" NSTextAlignmentCenter;"
[self addsubview:lab];=""
}<=""
pre=""><p>效果图如下:</p><p
style="text-align:
center;"><img
src="http://cc.cocimg.com/api/uploads//20171206/1512520726921727.png"
title="iOS后续开发
数据统计表"
_src="http://cc.cocimg.com/api/uploads//20171206/1512520726921727.png"
alt="iOS后续开发
数据统计表"
width="500"
height="495"
border="0"
vspace="0"
style="width:
500px; height: 495px;"></p><p><span
style="font-size:
18px;"><strong>折线图</strong></span></p><p>在坐标系的基础上,计算绘制对应y轴上的点,然后从第一个点开始,依次连接到最后一个点,可以直线连接,或者用贝塞尔曲线绘制,具体看实际情况实现。</p><p>代码如下:</p><pre
class="brush:as3;toolbar:false"> //开始点
CGPoint startPoint = CGPointMake(1.3*margin+(self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1), self.zzHeight-margin-(self.zzHeight-2*margin)/11*[y_itemArr[0] floatValue]/10); //结束点
CGPoint endPoint; for (int i=0; i<x_itemarr.count; i++) {
endpoint =" CGPointMake(1.3*margin+(self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1)*(i+1), self.zzHeight-margin-(self.zzHeight-2*margin)/11*[y_itemArr[i] floatValue]/10);"
uibezierpath *path =" [UIBezierPath bezierPath];"
[path movetopoint:startpoint];=""
[path addarcwithcenter:endpoint radius:1.5 startangle:0 endangle:2*m_pi clockwise:yes];=""
[path addlinetopoint:endpoint]; =""
绘制连线=""
cashapelayer *layer =" [CAShapeLayer layer];"
layer.path =" path.CGPath;"
layer.strokecolor =" [UIColor redColor].CGColor;"
layer.linewidth =" 1.0;"
[self.layer addsublayer:layer]; =""
绘制点=""
cashapelayer *layer1 =" [CAShapeLayer layer];"
layer1.frame =" CGRectMake(endPoint.x-2, endPoint.y-2, 4, 4);"
layer1.backgroundcolor =" [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;"
[self.layer addsublayer:layer1]; =""
绘制虚线=""
cashapelayer *shapelayer =" [CAShapeLayer layer];"
[shapelayer setstrokecolor:[uicolor blackcolor].cgcolor];=""
[shapelayer setlinewidth:1];=""
[shapelayer setlinejoin:kcalinejoinround]; =""
设置虚线的线宽及间距=""
[shapelayer setlinedashpattern:[nsarray arraywithobjects:[nsnumber numberwithint:2], [nsnumber numberwithint:3], nil]]; =""
创建虚线绘制路径=""
cgmutablepathref path =" CGPathCreateMutable(); //设置y轴方向的虚线"
cgpathmovetopoint(path, null, point.x, point.y);=""
cgpathaddlinetopoint(path, null, point.x, self.zzheight-margin); =""
设置x轴方向的虚线=""
cgpathaddlinetopoint(path, null, 1.3*margin, point.y); =""
设置虚线绘制路径=""
[shapelayer setpath:path];=""
cgpathrelease(path);=""
[self.layer addsublayer:shapelayer];=""
startpoint =" endPoint;"
} =""
给x轴加标注=""
for (int i="0; i<x_itemArr.count; i++) { CGFloat xLWidth = ((self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1)) <= 25 ? ((self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1)) : 25; UILabel *lab = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(1.3*margin+(self.zzWidth-2*margin)/(x_itemArr.count+1)*(i+1)-xLWidth/2, self.zzHeight-margin, xLWidth, 20)];"
lab.text =" x_itemArr[i];"
lab.textcolor =" [UIColor blackColor];"
lab.adjustsfontsizetofitwidth =" YES;"
lab.textalignment =" NSTextAlignmentCenter;"
[self addsubview:lab];=""
}<=""
pre=""><p>效果图如下: </p><p
style="text-align:
center;"><img
src="http://cc.cocimg.com/api/uploads//20171206/1512520769607184.png"
title="iOS后续开发
数据统计表"
_src="http://cc.cocimg.com/api/uploads//20171206/1512520769607184.png"
alt="iOS后续开发
数据统计表"
width="500"
height="486"
border="0"
vspace="0"
style="width:
500px; height: 486px;"></p><p><span
style="font-size:
18px;"><strong>扇形图</strong></span></p><p>扇形图制作需要首先计算每一条数据占数据总和的百分比,然后以页面中心点为中心,指定半径,开始画扇形,每条数据对应一个扇形,起点半径每次都不一样,知道最后一条数据画完,可以正好得到一个整圆。</p><p>代码如下:</p><pre
class="brush:as3;toolbar:false"> CGPoint yPoint = CGPointMake(self.zzWidth/2, self.zzHeight/2); CGFloat startAngle = 0; CGFloat endAngle; float r = self.zzHeight/3; //求和
float sum=0; for (NSString *str in y_itemArr) {
sum += [str floatValue];
} for (int i=0; i= 45 ? 40 : self.zzHeight/6; CGFloat size = self.zzHeight/6+5 >= 45 ? 9 : 5; CGFloat lab_x = yPoint.x + (r + bLWidth/2) * cos((startAngle + (endAngle - startAngle)/2)) - bLWidth/2; CGFloat lab_y = yPoint.y + (r + bLWidth*3/8) * sin((startAngle + (endAngle - startAngle)/2)) - bLWidth*3/8; UILabel *lab = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(lab_x, lab_y, bLWidth, bLWidth*3/4)];
lab.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@
%.2f%@",x_itemArr[i],zhanbi*100,@"%"];
lab.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];
lab.numberOfLines = 0;
lab.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:size];
lab.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
[self addSubview:lab];
layer.path = path.CGPath;
layer.fillColor = zzRandomColor.CGColor;
layer.strokeColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;
[self.layer addSublayer:layer];
startAngle = endAngle;
}</pre><p>效果图如下: </p><p
style="text-align:
center;"><img
src="http://cc.cocimg.com/api/uploads//20171206/1512520794943194.png"
title="iOS后续开发
数据统计表"
_src="http://cc.cocimg.com/api/uploads//20171206/1512520794943194.png"
alt="iOS后续开发
数据统计表"
width="500"
height="493"
border="0"
vspace="0"
style="width:
500px; height: 493px;"></p><p><span
style="font-size:
18px;"><strong>尾声</strong></span></p><p>简易的三种画法,仅用于展示数据,封装类和Demo已经上传到了GitHub上,地址:<a
href="https://github.com/fuzheng0301/DrawChart"
target="_blank"
_href="https://github.com/fuzheng0301/DrawChart">https://github.com/fuzheng0301/DrawChart</a>,感谢star,希望能给大家带来帮助,也希望能看到大神的更精彩的分享。</p>
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