无法仅在 Windows PC 上的 ASP.NET Core 上加载文件或程序集“Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions”答案

【问题标题】：Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions' on ASP.NET Core only on Windows PC无法仅在 Windows PC 上的 ASP.NET Core 上加载文件或程序集“Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions”
【发布时间】：2019-01-18 14:14:48
【问题描述】：

这个 ASP.NET Core 2.1 项目在我的 Mac OS 上运行良好。但是，当我从 Windows PC 运行它时，它会引发此异常。我尝试在两台使用相同版本的 .NET Core SDK 的 Windows 机器上运行它。

我尝试重新安装 .NET Core SDK 2.1.302，也尝试升级到 2.1.401。感谢任何帮助。

错误是

System.IO.FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions, Version=2.1.3.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60'. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)

.csproj 文件中使用的 Nuget 包

<PackageReference Include="HangFire" Version="1.6.19" />
<PackageReference Include="Hangfire.LiteDB" Version="0.1.0" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.AspNetCore" Version="2.3.0" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR" Version="1.0.1" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebSockets" Version="2.1.1" />
<PackageReference Include="LiteDB" Version="4.1.4" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.All" Version="2.1.0" />

完整的堆栈跟踪

> dotnet run

Using launch settings from C:\Source\repos\src\Properties\launchSettings.json...
Application startup exception: System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. ---> System.IO.FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions, Version=2.1.3.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60'. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions..ctor()
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean wrapExceptions, Boolean& canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandleInternal& ctor)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean wrapExceptions, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance[T]()
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.<>c__DisplayClass5_0.<Get>b__0()
   at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
   at System.Lazy`1.ExecutionAndPublication(LazyHelper executionAndPublication, Boolean useDefaultConstructor)
   at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.Get(String name)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.get_Value()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer.CreateServiceContext(IOptions`1 options, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer..ctor(IOptions`1 options, ITransportFactory transportFactory, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitConstructor(ConstructorCallSite constructorCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitScoped(ScopedCallSite scopedCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitSingleton(SingletonCallSite singletonCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.DynamicServiceProviderEngine.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<RealizeService>b__0(ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService(IServiceProvider provider, Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureServer()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
crit: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[6]
      Application startup exception
System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. ---> System.IO.FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions, Version=2.1.3.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60'. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions..ctor()
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean wrapExceptions, Boolean& canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandleInternal& ctor)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean wrapExceptions, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance[T]()
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.<>c__DisplayClass5_0.<Get>b__0()
   at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
   at System.Lazy`1.ExecutionAndPublication(LazyHelper executionAndPublication, Boolean useDefaultConstructor)
   at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.Get(String name)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.get_Value()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer.CreateServiceContext(IOptions`1 options, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer..ctor(IOptions`1 options, ITransportFactory transportFactory, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitConstructor(ConstructorCallSite constructorCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitScoped(ScopedCallSite scopedCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitSingleton(SingletonCallSite singletonCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.DynamicServiceProviderEngine.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<RealizeService>b__0(ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService(IServiceProvider provider, Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureServer()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()

Unhandled Exception: System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. ---> System.IO.FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions, Version=2.1.3.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60'. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions..ctor()
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean wrapExceptions, Boolean& canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandleInternal& ctor)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean wrapExceptions, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance[T]()
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.<>c__DisplayClass5_0.<Get>b__0()
   at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
   at System.Lazy`1.ExecutionAndPublication(LazyHelper executionAndPublication, Boolean useDefaultConstructor)
   at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.Get(String name)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1.get_Value()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer.CreateServiceContext(IOptions`1 options, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer..ctor(IOptions`1 options, ITransportFactory transportFactory, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitConstructor(ConstructorCallSite constructorCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitScoped(ScopedCallSite scopedCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitSingleton(SingletonCallSite singletonCallSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(IServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.DynamicServiceProviderEngine.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<RealizeService>b__0(ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngine.GetService(Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService(IServiceProvider provider, Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.EnsureServer()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.RunAsync(IWebHost host, CancellationToken token, String shutdownMessage)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.RunAsync(IWebHost host, CancellationToken token)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.Run(IWebHost host)
   at JustALink.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Source\repos\src\Program.cs:line 10

【问题讨论】：

您是否有对 Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions 的无效引用而不是 nuget 引用？只是一个想法，但这可以解释为什么程序集可以加载到你的 mac（我认为你在其中开发）并且不会在 Windows 上运行。尝试通过 nuget 在该项目上安装它。编译应用程序时，dll 必须包含在输出文件夹中。
嗨@alsami 我没有任何直接引用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions - 我认为它是我使用过的软件包之一的依赖项。我已经用我在.csproj 文件中使用的 nuget 包列表更新了这个问题。我会根据您的建议尝试通过 nuget 安装它。
只是好奇，在使用dotnet run 之前，您是否尝试过运行dotnet restore？还可以尝试将 Microsoft.AspNetCore.All 的版本从 2.1.0 更改为 2.1.3，因为它正在尝试使用 2.1.3 作为连接包。
@alsami 是的，我做了dotnet restore。成功！通过从2.1.0 升级Microsoft.AspNetCore.All -> 2.1.3 解决了这个问题。添加对Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions 的引用并没有多大作用。仍然不知道为什么这在 Mac 上有效，但在 Windows 上无效。
很高兴它有帮助！

标签： asp.net-core .net-core

【解决方案1】：

此问题是 .NET Core 2.1.x 中的一个已知问题，已在 .NET Core 2.1.5 及更高版本中修复。见https://github.com/dotnet/core-setup/issues/4512。

如果您在更新 .NET Core SDK 后由于“System.IO.FileLoadException”而失败，您可能遇到了https://github.com/dotnet/core-setup/issues/4376。

最好的解决办法是升级到 .NET Core 2.1.5 或更高版本。

如果无法升级，另一种解决方法是将项目更新为

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.All" Version="2.1.3" />

如https://github.com/dotnet/core-setup/issues/4376 中所述，此问题的原因是无意中升级了共享框架。例如：

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.All" Version="2.1.0" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR" Version="1.0.1" />

Microsoft.AspNetCore.All 2.1.0 依赖于 Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR 1.0.0，但您的项目已升级到 Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR 1.0.1 .当您dotnet publish 时，您会在发布文件夹中获得 Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR 1.0.1 AND ⚠️ 它的传递依赖项。这是https://natemcmaster.com/blog/2018/08/29/netcore-primitives-2/ 中描述的发布修剪陷阱。

这会导致以下结果

+=================+===============================+================================+============================+
| AspNetCore.All  |  M.A.Connections.Abstractions |  M.A.Connections.Abstractions  |  Which M.A.C.Abstractions  |
|                 |  (in shared framework)        | (in publish dir)               |  should load               |
+=================+===============================+================================+============================+
| 2.1.0           |  2.1.0                        |  2.1.1                         |  publish dir               |
+-----------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------+
| 2.1.3           |  2.1.3                        |  2.1.1                         |  shared framework*         |
+-----------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------+

* 这是一个错误，https://github.com/dotnet/core-setup/issues/4512 跟踪在未来的 2.1.x 更新中得到修复。

【讨论】：

很好的解释。很高兴看到 ASP.NET Core 团队不仅在构建出色的东西，而且还在帮助像我这样困惑的人！谢谢内特！
我需要 v2.1.4，但这对我来说基本上是正确的答案。
如何在 .NET core 3.1 中解决这个问题？
我对 .net Standard 也有同样的问题，是否有已知的解决方法？
我在 .net core 3.1 中也遇到了这个问题，所以不再允许指定 All 包。

【解决方案2】：

如果您没有 Microsoft.AspNetCore.All，您可以使用 Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 并将其版本设置为 2.1.3。它们完全一样：

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" Version="2.1.3"/>

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

我通过从2.1.0升级Microsoft.AspNetCore.All解决了这个问题-> 2.1.3（升级SDK到2.1.401）

仍然不知道为什么这在 Mac 上有效，但在 Windows 上无效。

【讨论】：

我也刚刚升级到 2.1.3 和所有的依赖，它工作，谢谢

【解决方案4】：

我的 Web API Core 项目文件不包含 Microsoft.AspNetCore.All。我手动将它添加到项目组中，它为我修复了它。

【讨论】：

我有一个 web api，这个答案是我的。

【解决方案5】：

您可以手动添加 Connection.Abstractions dll

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions" Version="2.1.3" />

【讨论】：