对于非升序 x 样条线可以很容易地计算,如果你同时使用另一个参数 t 的 x 和 y 函数:x(t),y(t)。
在您的情况下,您有 5 分,因此 t 应该只是这些点的枚举,即 t = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 为 5 分。
所以如果x = [5, 2, 7, 3, 6] 那么x(t) = x(0) = 5、x(1) = 2、x(2) = 7、x(3) = 3、x(4) = 6。 y 也一样。
然后计算x(t) 和y(t) 的样条函数。然后计算所有许多中间t 点中的样条值。最后,只需将所有计算值 x(t) 和 y(t) 用作函数 y(x)。
在我使用 Numpy 从头开始实现三次样条计算之前,如果您不介意,我会在下面的示例中使用此代码(它可能对您了解样条数学很有用),替换为您的库函数。同样在我的代码中,您可以看到 numba 行被注释掉,如果您愿意,可以使用这些 Numba 注释来加快计算速度。
您必须查看代码底部的main()函数,它显示了如何计算和使用x(t)和y(t)。
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import numpy as np, matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Solves linear system given by Tridiagonal Matrix
# Helper for calculating cubic splines
#@numba.njit(cache = True, fastmath = True, inline = 'always')
def tri_diag_solve(A, B, C, F):
n = B.size
assert A.ndim == B.ndim == C.ndim == F.ndim == 1 and (
A.size == B.size == C.size == F.size == n
) #, (A.shape, B.shape, C.shape, F.shape)
Bs, Fs = np.zeros_like(B), np.zeros_like(F)
Bs[0], Fs[0] = B[0], F[0]
for i in range(1, n):
Bs[i] = B[i] - A[i] / Bs[i - 1] * C[i - 1]
Fs[i] = F[i] - A[i] / Bs[i - 1] * Fs[i - 1]
x = np.zeros_like(B)
x[-1] = Fs[-1] / Bs[-1]
for i in range(n - 2, -1, -1):
x[i] = (Fs[i] - C[i] * x[i + 1]) / Bs[i]
return x
# Calculate cubic spline params
#@numba.njit(cache = True, fastmath = True, inline = 'always')
def calc_spline_params(x, y):
a = y
h = np.diff(x)
c = np.concatenate((np.zeros((1,), dtype = y.dtype),
np.append(tri_diag_solve(h[:-1], (h[:-1] + h[1:]) * 2, h[1:],
((a[2:] - a[1:-1]) / h[1:] - (a[1:-1] - a[:-2]) / h[:-1]) * 3), 0)))
d = np.diff(c) / (3 * h)
b = (a[1:] - a[:-1]) / h + (2 * c[1:] + c[:-1]) / 3 * h
return a[1:], b, c[1:], d
# Spline value calculating function, given params and "x"
#@numba.njit(cache = True, fastmath = True, inline = 'always')
def func_spline(x, ix, x0, a, b, c, d):
dx = x - x0[1:][ix]
return a[ix] + (b[ix] + (c[ix] + d[ix] * dx) * dx) * dx
# Compute piece-wise spline function for "x" out of sorted "x0" points
#@numba.njit([f'f{ii}[:](f{ii}[:], f{ii}[:], f{ii}[:], f{ii}[:], f{ii}[:], f{ii}[:])' for ii in (4, 8)],
# cache = True, fastmath = True, inline = 'always')
def piece_wise_spline(x, x0, a, b, c, d):
xsh = x.shape
x = x.ravel()
ix = np.searchsorted(x0[1 : -1], x)
y = func_spline(x, ix, x0, a, b, c, d)
y = y.reshape(xsh)
return y
def main():
x0 = np.array([4.0, 5.638304088577984, 6.785456961280076, 5.638304088577984, 4.0])
y0 = np.array([0.0, 1.147152872702092, 2.7854569612800755, 4.423761049858059, 3.2766081771559668])
t0 = np.arange(len(x0)).astype(np.float64)
plt.plot(x0, y0)
vs = []
for e in (x0, y0):
a, b, c, d = calc_spline_params(t0, e)
x = np.linspace(0, t0[-1], 100)
vs.append(piece_wise_spline(x, t0, a, b, c, d))
plt.plot(vs[0], vs[1])
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
输出: