无法使用 pip 安装

Question

我正在尝试使用 python 3.6.3 安装 matplotlib，但我一直收到此异常。我也尝试过使用 whl 文件，手动进行，但结果相同。我正在使用此链接获取 whl：

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#setuptools

也试过 Anaconda，python 2.7,3.4 和 3.5，还是不能解决问题。

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 324, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 554, in _prepare_file
    require_hashes
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 278, in populate_link
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 465, in find_requirement
    all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 423, in find_all_candidates
    for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 568, in _get_pages
    page = self._get_page(location)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 683, in _get_page
    return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 792, in get_page
    "Cache-Control": "max-age=600",
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 488, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 386, in request
    return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 475, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 596, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\adapter.py", line 47, in send
    resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\adapters.py", line 423, in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 589, in urlopen
    self._prepare_proxy(conn)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 797, in _prepare_proxy
    conn.connect()
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 254, in connect
    conn = self._new_conn()
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 142, in _new_conn
    (self.host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw)
  File "C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 66, in create_connection
    if host.startswith('['):
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'startswith'

Answer 1

尝试升级 pip

pip install --upgrade pip

如果它不在 PATH 变量中，您可能必须使用 pip 的完整路径，如下所示：

C:\Users\Marcin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\pip install --upgrade pip

编辑： 在网上搜索并找到一些重复项（没有解决方案）后，在我看来这可能与您的 python 安装路径有关。 如：duplicate 1、duplicate 2。

它没有安装在默认的 C:\Python36-32 文件夹中是否有原因？ 您可能希望以推荐的方式下载并安装适用于 python 的 windows msi 安装程序，然后看看它会带给您什么。

解决方案：

在 OP 发表评论后，似乎将 Python 移动到 C:\ 路径（最好使用来自python.org 的 windows .msi 进行全新安装应该可以解决此问题。