如何解决依赖地狱以安装 matplotlib？

Question

我想通过pip 安装matplotlib。但是，我遇到了循环问题，并且在某些时候我被卡住了。在终端中运行 pip 会产生：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>
    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3080, in <module>
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3066, in _call_aside
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3093, in _initialize_master_working_set
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 651, in _build_master
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 952, in require
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 839, in resolve
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'pip==1.5.4' distribution was not found and is required by the application

我尝试使用easy_install 解决此问题，但它产生了以下错误消息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/easy_install", line 5, in <module>
    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3080, in <module>
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3066, in _call_aside
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3093, in _initialize_master_working_set
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 653, in _build_master
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 666, in _build_from_requirements
  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 839, in resolve
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'setuptools==3.3' distribution was not found and is required by the application

运行sudo apt-get install python-setuptools 表示我已经拥有最新版本。

我的操作系统是Ubuntu 14.04。我尝试了许多不同的方法来解决这个问题，但最终可能会造成更大的伤害。我不记得我所做的一切以及我是如何在这个阶段结束的，所以很遗憾无法提供更多信息。

我的目标是最终安装 matplotlib 并让我的所有 python 相关库处于稳定状态。任何解决方案都可以，所以我不介意重新安装所有东西或任何可以解决问题的方法。

更新

运行sudo apt-get build-dep python-matplotlib 产生

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Picking 'matplotlib' as source package instead of 'python-matplotlib'
E: Unable to find a source package for matplotlib

而sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib 产生

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
python-matplotlib is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.

但是，在python 中仍然找不到matplotlib。

Answer 1

试试：

sudo apt-get build-dep python-matplotlib

这应该通过 Ubuntu 包管理系统安装 matplotlib 所需的依赖项（因为使用 pip 安装许多这些依赖项并非易事），使您能够：

 pip install matplotlib

来源：Matplotlib documentation

我在 Ubuntu 14.04 和 Kubuntu 15.10 上都使用了这个过程来安装最新、稳定的 matplotlib（在虚拟环境中，但这应该没什么区别）。