正确的参数 char *[] 调用函数？

Question

我正在尝试对函数 bubbleSort(names, size) 进行冒泡排序，并使用我的驱动程序代码对其进行测试。调用该函数时，驱动程序代码出现错误。我想知道调用函数时如何正确设置第一个参数。

我收到两个与第一个参数“名称”有关的错误。

错误（活动）E0167 “char *”类型的参数与“char **”类型的参数不兼容
错误 C2664 'void bubbleSort(char *[],const int)': 无法将参数 1 从 'char [8]' 转换为 'char *[]'

我正在使用带有 Visual Studio Community 2019 的 Windows 10 Pro（64 位）。 提前感谢您的帮助。

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;

enum Bool { TRUE, FALSE };

void bubbleSort(char *names[], const int size)
{
    Bool swapped;
    char* temp;

    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
    {
        swapped = FALSE;
        for (int j = 0; j < size - i - 1; ++j)
        {
            if (names[j] > names[j + 1])
            {
                temp = names[j];
                names[j] = names[j + 1];
                names[j + 1] = temp;
                swapped = TRUE;
            }
        }
        // if no two elements were swapped by inner loop, then break
        if (swapped == FALSE)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    char names[] = {'s', 'a', 'c', 'd', 'i', 'd', 'm', 'o'};
    int size = 8;
    bubbleSort(names, size);        // i get error here for 'names'
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        cout << names[i] << " " << endl;
}

Answer 1

您的排序函数需要一个 C 字符串数组，但您传递给它的是一个字符数组。因此出现错误。

要对字符数组进行排序，试试这个：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void bubbleSort(char names[], const int size)
{
    bool swapped;
    char temp;

    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
    {
        swapped = false;
        for (int j = 0; j < size - i - 1; ++j)
        {
            if (names[j] > names[j + 1])
            {
                temp = names[j];
                names[j] = names[j + 1];
                names[j + 1] = temp;
                swapped = true;
            }
        }
        // if no two elements were swapped by inner loop, then break
        if (!swapped)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    char names[] = {'s', 'a', 'c', 'd', 'i', 'd', 'm', 'o'};
    int size = 8;
    bubbleSort(names, size);
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        cout << names[i] << " " << endl;
}

或者，要对 C 字符串数组进行排序，试试这个：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

void bubbleSort(const char* names[], const int size)
{
    bool swapped;
    const char* temp;

    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
    {
        swapped = false;
        for (int j = 0; j < size - i - 1; ++j)
        {
            if (strcmp(names[j], names[j + 1]) > 0)
            {
                temp = names[j];
                names[j] = names[j + 1];
                names[j + 1] = temp;
                swapped = true;
            }
        }
        // if no two elements were swapped by inner loop, then break
        if (!swapped)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    const char* names[] = {"s", "a", "c", "d", "i", "d", "m", "o"};
    int size = 8;
    bubbleSort(names, size);
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        cout << names[i] << " " << endl;
}