如何在 python 中处理输出参数，如 char** 数组？

Question

我正在尝试从 Python 脚本调用 C 方法，但在调用将 char** 数组作为参数输出的方法时遇到了问题。 C层的方法如下。 helper.c文件：

//This method takes filename as input and oNames as output
  extern C int GetNames(char* iFilename, char** oNames)
{
    int oNumNames, oStatus;
    /*io* pIo = GetIoInstance();*/
    std::vector<EString> names;
    CreateIoInstance(iFilename);
    oStatus = pIo->get_names(names);
    oNumNames = (int)names.size();

    for (int ii = 0; ii < oNumNames; ii++)
    {
        strcpy(oNames[ii], names[ii].c_str());
    }
    return 0;
}

请帮助我从 python 脚本中调用此方法。

from ctypes import *

dll = CDLL('D:\\python\\working.dll')
dll.GetNames = dll.GetNames
dll.GetNames.argtypes = (c_char_p, POINTER(c_char_p))
dll.GetStageNames.restype = c_int

filename = "in.h5"
def GetNames(filename):
    ostagenames = POINTER(c_char_p)
    err = dll.GetStageNames(filename, ostagenames)
    return err, ostagenames.value

Answer 1

我已将函数简化为专注于char** 参数。在编写示例函数时，它假定内存是预先分配的，但是没有接口来指示用于输出的数组的大小或数组中的各个字符串。在这个例子中，内存是为一个 3 元素数组预先分配的，每个字符串最多 20 个字符，但实际上用户必须预先分配足够长的字符串来保存实际的返回值-生活状况。

test.cpp:

#define API __declspec(dllexport)
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

//This method takes filename as input and oNames as output
extern "C" API void GetNames(char** oNames)
{
    vector<string> names { "one", "two", "three" };
    for (size_t i = 0; i < names.size(); ++i) {
        strcpy(oNames[i], names[i].c_str());
    }
}

test.py：

from ctypes import *

dll = CDLL('./test')
dll.GetNames.argtypes = POINTER(c_char_p),
dll.GetNames.restype = None

def get_names():
    ARR3 = c_char_p * 3  # equivalent to char*[3] type in C

    # list of 3 mutable pointers to buffers
    buffers = [cast(create_string_buffer(20),c_char_p) for _ in range(3)]

    names = ARR3(*buffers) # array initalized with buffers
    dll.GetNames(names)
    return list(names)

print(get_names())

输出：

[b'one', b'two', b'three']

如果您可以随意更改 API，那么动态分配内存以便稍后释放可以使其更加灵活。这对于 char*** 来说相当难看，但它可以工作：

test.cpp:

#define API __declspec(dllexport)
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

extern "C" {

API void GetNames(char*** oNames) {
    vector<string> names { "one", "two", "three" };
    auto arr = new char*[names.size() + 1];
    for (size_t i = 0; i < names.size(); ++i) {
        auto len = names[i].size() + 1;
        arr[i] = new char[len];
        strcpy_s(arr[i], len, names[i].c_str());
    }
    arr[names.size()] = nullptr;
    *oNames = arr;
}

API void FreeNames(char** names) {
    if(names) {
        for(size_t i = 0; names[i]; ++i)
            delete [] names[i];
        delete [] names;
    }
}

}

test.py：

from ctypes import *

# ctypes.c_char_p has special handling for strings,
# but hides the pointer value.  Deriving a type
# from c_char_p prevents this special handling
# and allows access to the pointer, so we can later
# free it.
class PCHAR(c_char_p):
    pass

dll = CDLL('./test')
dll.GetNames.argtypes = POINTER(POINTER(PCHAR)),
dll.GetNames.restype = None
dll.FreeNames.argtypes = POINTER(PCHAR),
dll.FreeNames.restype = None

def get_names():
    pnames = POINTER(PCHAR)() # allocate char**
    dll.GetNames(byref(pnames)) # pass char***
    i = 0
    names = []
    while pnames[i]:  # returned char* array is terminated with null
        names.append(pnames[i].value) # create and save the Python byte string
        i += 1
    dll.FreeNames(pnames)
    return names

print(get_names())

输出：

[b'one', b'two', b'three']