您必须在访问设置之前定义环境变量 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 或调用 settings.configure()

Question

这是我的第一个 django 项目，如果我没有很好地解释自己，敬请见谅。我正在尝试编写一些单元测试。

此代码按预期工作：

from unittest import TestCase


class TestModel(TestCase):
    def test_CalculatePercentage(self):
        assert 1 == 1

但是，当我尝试从应用程序中导入某些内容时，即：

from investor.models import Investor

我收到ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings. 错误：

Error
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\unittest\case.py", line 60, in testPartExecutor
    yield
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\unittest\case.py", line 676, in run
    self._callTestMethod(testMethod)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\unittest\case.py", line 633, in _callTestMethod
    method()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 34, in testFailure
    raise self._exception
ImportError: Failed to import test module: tests
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 436, in _find_test_path
    module = self._get_module_from_name(name)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 377, in _get_module_from_name
    __import__(name)
  File "C:\Users\lbrusokas\Documents\Dev\website\website_env\src\webapp\investor\tests.py", line 1, in <module>
    from investor.models import Investor
  File "C:\Users\lbrusokas\Documents\Dev\website\website_env\src\webapp\investor\models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 87, in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 249, in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 131, in check_apps_ready
    settings.INSTALLED_APPS
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 57, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 38, in _setup
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

This 是我的项目结构。

我看过很多关于这方面的帖子和建议，例如添加环境变量、调用 settings.setup()、配置 pycharm、启用 django 支持等，但对我没有任何帮助。

我还有哪些其他选项可以解决此问题，或者它是否发生在其他地方？

提前谢谢你！

Answer 1

您正在尝试使用from unittest import TestCase 导入 Python 的测试用例。您需要导入 Django 的。替换为

from django.test import TestCase