您必须在访问设置之前定义环境变量 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 或调用 settings.configure()。姜戈

Question

每当我尝试在 Django 中运行 python manage.py runserver 时都会收到此错误。

错误：

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEBUG, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

为什么会这样？

我认为这是因为我的 settings.py 它被称为 base.py 而不是 settings.py，这就是为什么 Django 没有将该文件检测为我的设置文件。如果是这种情况，我该如何将 settigns 文件分配给那个 base.py 文件？

这是 base.py 文件：

import os
from pathlib import Path

from django.urls import reverse_lazy

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

########################################
# APPS
########################################
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.humanize',
    'allauth',
    'allauth.account',
    'djstripe',
    'captcha',
    'users',
]

########################################
# MIDDLEWARE
########################################
MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

########################################
# SECURITY
########################################
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get("SECRET_KEY")
DEBUG = bool(os.getenv("DJANGO_DEBUG", "False").lower() in ["true", "1"])
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

########################################
# OTHER
########################################
ROOT_URLCONF = 'urls'
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'wsgi.application'
SITE_ID = 1

########################################
# TEMPLATES
########################################
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [
            BASE_DIR / "templates",
        ],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                'context_processors.plan_context',
                'context_processors.base_url_context',
                'context_processors.stripe_context',
            ],
        },
    },
]

########################################
# DATABASE
########################################
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': os.environ.get("POSTGRES_DB"),
        'USER': os.environ.get("POSTGRES_USER"),
        'PASSWORD': os.environ.get("POSTGRES_PASSWORD"),
        'HOST': 'postgres',
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}

########################################
# PASSWORD VALIDATION
########################################
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

########################################
# INTERNATIONALISATION
########################################
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

########################################
# STATIC SETTINGS
########################################
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR / "static"
]

########################################
# AUTHENTICATION
########################################
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.User'
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
    "allauth.account.auth_backends.AuthenticationBackend",
)
ACCOUNT_EMAIL_REQUIRED = True
ACCOUNT_USERNAME_REQUIRED = False
ACCOUNT_AUTHENTICATION_METHOD = 'email'
ACCOUNT_EMAIL_VERIFICATION = 'optional'
ACCOUNT_LOGOUT_ON_GET = True
ACCOUNT_SIGNUP_PASSWORD_ENTER_TWICE = True
ACCOUNT_CONFIRM_EMAIL_ON_GET = True
ACCOUNT_FORMS = {'signup': 'users.forms.CustomSignupForm'}
ACCOUNT_EMAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX = ""
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = reverse_lazy("users:dashboard")
LOGIN_URL = reverse_lazy("account_login")

########################################
# SITE SETTINGS
########################################
# todo: set your site name, your country and your support email here
SITE_NAME = "launchr"
SITE_LOCATION = "United States"
SUPPORT_EMAIL = "support@example.com"

Answer 1

您可以在manage.py 中分配您的设置文件：

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mysite.settings')

ma​​nage.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys

if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE',
                          'djangoproject.settings.dev')

    from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

或者您可以使用--settings 命令行参数手动指定设置：

python manage.py runserver --settings=mysite.settings

如果您需要更多信息，请参阅DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE。