我是否以错误的方式使用 PIL 库？

Question

所以，首先，我才刚开始我的 IT 学徒生涯的第一年，所以无论如何我都不是专业人士。我目前的项目是一个带有 Python 的 meme 生成器。目标是将顶部文本和底部文本输入到字段中，然后使用 PIL 在 .jpg 或 .png 上“绘制”该文本。

目前，我真的被这个特定的错误消息困住了：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\erce\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\
    return self.func(*args)
  File "c:\Users\erce\Documents\meme-generator\appJar\appjar.
    return lambda *args: funcName(param)
  File "c:\Users\erce\Documents\meme-generator\memegenerator.
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
  File "C:\Users\erce\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\PIL\ImageDraw.py", line 684, in Draw
    return ImageDraw(im, mode)
  File "C:\Users\erce\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\PIL\ImageDraw.py", line 58, in __init__
    im.load()
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'load'

具体的代码行如下：

import textwrap
import tkinter as tk
import os
import random
from tkinter import filedialog
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFile  # Pillow für öffnen, manipulieren und speichern von bildern
from appJar import gui  # für das GUI element


def generate_meme(stroke_width=5, font_path="C:/Windows/Fonts/Impact.ttf", font_size=9):
    im = filedialog.askopenfilenames(filetypes=[("images", "*.png, *.jpg")])
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
    image_width, image_height = im.size
    font = ImageFont.truetype(font=font_path, size=int(image_height * font_size) // 100)
    toptext = app.getEntry("Top Text")  # text aus feldern übernehmen
    bottomtext = app.getEntry("Bottom Text")
    toptext = toptext.upper()  # convert text to uppercase
    bottomtext = bottomtext.upper()
    char_width, char_height = font.getsize("A")  # text wrapping
    chars_per_line = image_width // char_width
    top_lines = textwrap.wrap(toptext, width=chars_per_line)
    bottom_lines = textwrap.wrap(bottomtext, width=chars_per_line)
    # draw top lines
    y = 10
    for line in top_lines:
        line_width, line_height = font.getsize(line)
        x = (image_width - line_width) / 2
        draw.text((x, y), line, fill="white", font=font, stroke_width=stroke_width, stroke_fill="black")
        y += line_height
    # draw bottom lines
    y = image_height - char_height * len(bottom_lines) - 15
    for line in bottom_lines:
        line_width, line_height = font.getsize(line)
        x = (image_width - line_width) / 2
        draw.text((x, y), line, fill="white", font=font, stroke_width=stroke_width, stroke_fill="black")
        y += line_height
    # save meme
    im.save("meme-" + im.filename.split("/")[-1])

我希望能提供一些关于哪里出错的提示。我非常依赖 PIL 的文档，并且似乎受到影响的特定行（第 12 行）的编写方式也与文档中的内容完全相同。然而在这里它只是给了我错误。

Answer 1

您的问题是您不能直接将文件名（或文件名元组，因为您使用的是getopenfilenames，复数）传递给ImageDraw；你需要先用Image.open()打开图片。

我建议将您的代码重构为更容易测试的部分，例如：

import textwrap
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFile 


def generate_meme(image, toptext, bottomtext, stroke_width=5, font_path="C:/Windows/Fonts/Impact.ttf", font_size=9):
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
    image_width, image_height = image.size
    font = ImageFont.truetype(font=font_path, size=int(image_height * font_size) // 100)
    toptext = toptext.upper()
    bottomtext = bottomtext.upper()
    char_width, char_height = font.getsize("A")  # text wrapping
    chars_per_line = image_width // char_width
    top_lines = textwrap.wrap(toptext, width=chars_per_line)
    bottom_lines = textwrap.wrap(bottomtext, width=chars_per_line)
    # draw top lines
    y = 10
    for line in top_lines:
        line_width, line_height = font.getsize(line)
        x = (image_width - line_width) / 2
        draw.text((x, y), line, fill="white", font=font, stroke_width=stroke_width, stroke_fill="black")
        y += line_height
    # draw bottom lines
    y = image_height - char_height * len(bottom_lines) - 15
    for line in bottom_lines:
        line_width, line_height = font.getsize(line)
        x = (image_width - line_width) / 2
        draw.text((x, y), line, fill="white", font=font, stroke_width=stroke_width, stroke_fill="black")
        y += line_height
    return image


def test_generate():
    image = Image.open("C:/Users/granapadano/Desktop/cheese.jpg")
    image = generate_meme(
        image=image,
        toptext="This is not",
        bottomtext="a meme",
    )
    image.save("C:/Users/granapadano/Desktop/cheesememe.jpg")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_generate()

您可以按原样运行此脚本，而无需四处单击以选择文件或输入文本，一旦它运行良好，您就可以在第二个函数中添加 GUI 内容。

def generate_with_gui():
    filename = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=[("images", "*.png, *.jpg")])

    image = Image.open(filename)
    image = generate_meme(
        image=image,
        toptext=app.getEntry("Top Text"),
        bottomtext=app.getEntry("Bottom Text"),
    )
    image.save(...)