Python：调用父类方法来解除窗口（Tkinter）会导致窗口中的两组小部件

Question

对于我的任何愚蠢或无知，我深表歉意，但我是 Python 的新手，一般来说都是编码的新手。我一直在尝试为我将要制作的游戏制作 UI，作为自学 python 的一种方式，我有一个主窗口和一些按钮小部件。 Play game 按钮打开第二个窗口（用于游戏本身）并使用 .withdraw 方法隐藏根窗口。这完美地工作。在游戏窗口内我有另一个按钮，我想销毁游戏窗口并将用户带回我已撤回的根菜单窗口。这似乎有效，除了每次我调用它时，它都会在窗口中创建一组新的、重复的小部件，所以我最终得到了多组。

我将在底部发布我的完整代码，但这里是我认为相关的部分。

一个 tkinter 按钮在父类（主窗口）中调用它。这很好用。

def playGame(self):     #Start the main game window
    self.master.withdraw()
    gameWindow()

我在子类中使用下面的方法来销毁游戏窗口，然后调用父类中的方法来恢复之前撤回的窗口

def exitMenu(self):
    self.g.destroy()
    UI(root).showMenu()

这有效，只是它每次都复制小部件导致显示：

screen capture of result

下面是我的全部代码，非常感谢您的帮助。

import tkinter as tk
import PIL
from Config import *

root = tk.Tk()

class UI(): #Main Menu

    def __init__(self, master):

        #Create Main Menu Window

        self.master = master
        self.master.title("Monopoly")
        self.master.wm_iconbitmap('icons\Monopoly-Icon.ico')
        self.master.geometry((resolution))

        #Menu Buttons

        self.label = tk.Label(master, text= 'Welcome to Monopoly! PLACEHOLDER')
        self.playButton = tk.Button(master, text= 'Play Game', command= self.playGame)
        self.settingsButton = tk.Button(master, text= 'settings', command= self.settings)
        self.exitButton = tk.Button(master, text= 'Exit', command= self.exitGame)

        self.label.grid(columnspan=2)
        self.playButton.grid(column=0)
        self.settingsButton.grid(column=0)
        self.exitButton.grid(column=0)

    def settings(self):       #Opens Settings Window
        s = tk.Toplevel()
        s.title('Settings')
        s.wm_iconbitmap('icons\Monopoly-Icon.ico')
        s.geometry((resolution))
        self.master.withdraw()
        resLabel = tk.Label(s, text= 'Resolution')
        resOption = tk.OptionMenu(s, resolution, *resList)

        resLabel.grid(column=0,row=0)
        resOption.grid(column=0, row=4)

    def showMenu(self):     #Bring back menu windwow
        self.master.deiconify()

    def exitGame(self):    #Exit Game Method
        root.destroy()

    def playGame(self):     #Start the main game window
        self.master.withdraw()
        gameWindow()

class gameWindow(UI):

    def __init__(self):

        self.g = tk.Toplevel()
        self.g.title('Monopoly')
        self.g.wm_iconbitmap('icons\Monopoly-Icon.ico')
        self.g.geometry((resolution))

        self.menuButton = tk.Button(self.g, text= 'Main Menu', command= self.exitMenu)

        self.menuButton.grid(column=0,row=0)

    def exitMenu(self):
        self.g.destroy()
        UI(root).showMenu()

mainMenu = UI(root)

root.mainloop()

Answer 1

你应该将父类UI传递给子类gameWindow，然后你可以在子类中使用父类的showMenu()方法。

从子窗口显示主窗口的代码将是： self.mainUI.showMenu() 而不是 UI(root).showMenu()

子类变成：

class gameWindow(UI):

    def __init__(self, mainUI): # Make the main window a parameter/attribute

        self.mainUI = mainUI # Make the main window a parameter/attribute
        self.g = tk.Toplevel()
        self.g.title('Monopoly')
        self.g.wm_iconbitmap('icons\Monopoly-Icon.ico')
        self.g.geometry((resolution))

        self.menuButton = tk.Button(self.g, text= 'Main Menu', command= self.exitMenu)

        self.menuButton.grid(column=0,row=0)

    def exitMenu(self):
        self.g.destroy()
        self.mainUI.showMenu()

gameWindow 现在需要一个参数，因此您将其作为self 传递给主用户界面

def playGame(self):     #Start the main game window
        self.master.withdraw()
        gameWindow(self)

你可以阅读更多关于隐藏/显示窗口here

这里是完整的代码：

import tkinter as tk
import PIL
from Config import *

root = tk.Tk()

class UI(): #Main Menu

    def __init__(self, master):

        #Create Main Menu Window

        self.master = master
        self.master.title("Monopoly")
        self.master.wm_iconbitmap('icons\Monopoly-Icon.ico')
        self.master.geometry((resolution))

        #Menu Buttons

        self.label = tk.Label(master, text= 'Welcome to Monopoly! PLACEHOLDER')
        self.playButton = tk.Button(master, text= 'Play Game', command= self.playGame)
        self.settingsButton = tk.Button(master, text= 'settings', command= self.settings)
        self.exitButton = tk.Button(master, text= 'Exit', command= self.exitGame)

        self.label.grid(columnspan=2)
        self.playButton.grid(column=0)
        self.settingsButton.grid(column=0)
        self.exitButton.grid(column=0)

    def settings(self):       #Opens Settings Window
        s = tk.Toplevel()
        s.title('Settings')
        s.wm_iconbitmap('icons\Monopoly-Icon.ico')
        s.geometry((resolution))
        self.master.withdraw()
        resLabel = tk.Label(s, text= 'Resolution')
        resOption = tk.OptionMenu(s, resolution, *resList)

        resLabel.grid(column=0,row=0)
        resOption.grid(column=0, row=4)

    def showMenu(self):     #Bring back menu windwow
        self.master.deiconify()

    def exitGame(self):    #Exit Game Method
        root.destroy()

    def playGame(self):     #Start the main game window
        self.master.withdraw()
        gameWindow(self)

class gameWindow(UI):

    def __init__(self, mainUI): # Make the main window a parameter/attribute

        self.mainUI = mainUI # Make the main window a parameter/attribute
        self.g = tk.Toplevel()
        self.g.title('Monopoly')
        self.g.wm_iconbitmap('icons\Monopoly-Icon.ico')
        self.g.geometry((resolution))

        self.menuButton = tk.Button(self.g, text= 'Main Menu', command= self.exitMenu)

        self.menuButton.grid(column=0,row=0)

    def exitMenu(self):
        self.g.destroy()
        self.mainUI.showMenu()

mainMenu = UI(root)

root.mainloop()