Tkinter 小部件打开两个窗口

Question

我在 Win 机器上运行 Tkinter 3.5，当我运行这段代码时，我得到了两个 windows 。我只期待一个。顺便说一句，我从网上得到了代码。它工作正常，除了第二个（在背景中）窗口让我感到困扰。 基本上是一个用按钮浏览不同窗口（页面）的小部件。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#

try:
    import Tkinter as tk  # Python2
except ImportError:
    import tkinter as tk  # Python3

class Wizard(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self, npages, master=None):

        self.pages = []
        self.current = 0
        tk.Toplevel.__init__(self)

        self.attributes('-topmost', True)


        for page in range(npages):
            self.pages.append(tk.Frame(self))
        self.pages[0].pack(fill='both', expand=1)
        self.__wizard_buttons()

    def onQuit(self):
        pass 

    def __wizard_buttons(self):
        for indx, frm in enumerate(self.pages):
            btnframe = tk.Frame(frm, bd=1, bg='#3C3B37')
            btnframe.pack(side='bottom', fill='x')
            nextbtn = tk.Button(btnframe, bd=0, bg='#F2F1F0', activebackground='#F58151', highlightcolor='red', cursor='hand2', text="Siguiente >>", width=10, command=self.__next_page)
            nextbtn.pack(side='right', anchor='e', padx=5, pady=5)
            if indx != 0:
                prevbtn = tk.Button(btnframe, bd=0, bg='#F2F1F0', activebackground='#F58151', highlightcolor='red', cursor='hand2', text="<< Atras", width=10, command=self.__prev_page)
                prevbtn.pack(side='right', anchor='e', padx=5, pady=5)
                if indx == len(self.pages) - 1:
                    nextbtn.configure(text="Terminar", bd=0, bg='#F2F1F0', activebackground='#F58151', highlightcolor='red', cursor='hand2', command=self.close)

    def __next_page(self):
        if self.current == len(self.pages):
            return
        self.pages[self.current].pack_forget()
        self.current += 1
        self.pages[self.current].pack(fill='both', expand=1)

    def __prev_page(self):
        if self.current == 0:
            return
        self.pages[self.current].pack_forget()
        self.current -= 1
        self.pages[self.current].pack(fill='both', expand=1)

    def add_page_body(self, body):
        body.pack(side='top', fill='both', padx=6, pady=12)

    def page(self, page_num):
        try:
            page = self.pages[page_num]
        except KeyError("Pagina Invalida! : %s" % page_num):
            return 0
        return page

    def close(self):
        if self.validate():
            self.master.iconify()
            print (' TK Wizard finished... ')
            self.destroy()
            self.master.destroy()

    def validate(self):
        return 1 

if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title(' TK Wizards ')
    wizard = Wizard(npages=3, master=root)
    wizard.minsize(400, 350)
    page0 = tk.Label(wizard.page(0), text='Pagina 1: ...Bienvenido al Wizard de TK !')
    page1 = tk.Label(wizard.page(1), text='Pagina 2: Acepta las condiciones de la WTFPL ?')
    page2 = tk.Label(wizard.page(2), text='Pagina 3: Felicitaciones, nada no se ha instalado correctamente.')
    wizard.add_page_body(page0)
    wizard.add_page_body(page1)
    wizard.add_page_body(page2)
    root.mainloop()

Answer 1

附加的空白窗口是根窗口。添加调用

root.withdraw()

就在root.title(' TK Wizards ') 行的下方，应该可以解决问题

Answer 2

在main 区域，你创建一个tkinter 对象，它会产生一个窗口：

root = tk.Tk()

然后，在Wizard 类的__init__ 中，创建一个Toplevel 对象：

tk.Toplevel.__init__(self)

所以您实际上是在这个新的Toplevel 窗口中创建 GUI。您可以更改程序以在根窗口中创建应用程序，这需要更改 Wizard 类以继承默认的 object 并更改程序以对保存的 self.master 根对象执行操作Wizard 对象（不再是 Toplevel 对象）。

try:
    import Tkinter as tk  # Python2
except ImportError:
    import tkinter as tk  # Python3

class Wizard(object):
    def __init__(self, npages, master=None):

        self.pages = []
        self.current = 0
        self.master = master
        self.master.attributes('-topmost', True)


        for page in range(npages):
            self.pages.append(tk.Frame(self.master))
        self.pages[0].pack(fill='both', expand=1)
        self.__wizard_buttons()

    def onQuit(self):
        pass 

    def __wizard_buttons(self):
        for indx, frm in enumerate(self.pages):
            btnframe = tk.Frame(frm, bd=1, bg='#3C3B37')
            btnframe.pack(side='bottom', fill='x')
            nextbtn = tk.Button(btnframe, bd=0, bg='#F2F1F0', activebackground='#F58151', highlightcolor='red', cursor='hand2', text="Siguiente >>", width=10, command=self.__next_page)
            nextbtn.pack(side='right', anchor='e', padx=5, pady=5)
            if indx != 0:
                prevbtn = tk.Button(btnframe, bd=0, bg='#F2F1F0', activebackground='#F58151', highlightcolor='red', cursor='hand2', text="<< Atras", width=10, command=self.__prev_page)
                prevbtn.pack(side='right', anchor='e', padx=5, pady=5)
                if indx == len(self.pages) - 1:
                    nextbtn.configure(text="Terminar", bd=0, bg='#F2F1F0', activebackground='#F58151', highlightcolor='red', cursor='hand2', command=self.close)

    def __next_page(self):
        if self.current == len(self.pages):
            return
        self.pages[self.current].pack_forget()
        self.current += 1
        self.pages[self.current].pack(fill='both', expand=1)

    def __prev_page(self):
        if self.current == 0:
            return
        self.pages[self.current].pack_forget()
        self.current -= 1
        self.pages[self.current].pack(fill='both', expand=1)

    def add_page_body(self, body):
        body.pack(side='top', fill='both', padx=6, pady=12)

    def page(self, page_num):
        try:
            page = self.pages[page_num]
        except KeyError("Pagina Invalida! : %s" % page_num):
            return 0
        return page

    def close(self):
        if self.validate():
            self.master.iconify()
            print (' TK Wizard finished... ')
            self.destroy()
            self.master.destroy()

    def validate(self):
        return 1 

if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title(' TK Wizards ')
    wizard = Wizard(npages=3, master=root)
    wizard.master.minsize(400, 350)
    page0 = tk.Label(wizard.page(0), text='Pagina 1: ...Bienvenido al Wizard de TK !')
    page1 = tk.Label(wizard.page(1), text='Pagina 2: Acepta las condiciones de la WTFPL ?')
    page2 = tk.Label(wizard.page(2), text='Pagina 3: Felicitaciones, nada no se ha instalado correctamente.')
    wizard.add_page_body(page0)
    wizard.add_page_body(page1)
    wizard.add_page_body(page2)
    root.mainloop()