如何在 tkinter 窗口中显示变量？

Question

我对 Python 完全陌生，我正在编写以下代码，该代码是在其他 stackflow 用户的大力帮助下编写的。

运行脚本后，将打开一个 tkinter 窗口，您可以在其中选择一个 gcode 文件（它是一个包含许多多行 3D 打印机指令的文件），然后从该文件中找到一个特定值。

我想要实现的是：

1) 在带有描述/标签的 tkinter 窗口中的加载 GCODE 按钮下显示此值。

2) 对该值进行一些计算，并将它们也显示在 tkinter 窗口中。

3) 最后制作这个脚本的可执行文件，这样每个人都可以使用它，即使没有安装 Python。

我不确定这是否超级简单，或者因为我对 Python 完全陌生（而且整体编程不太好），所以需要做很多工作。我希望我已经解释得足够好，并提前感谢您的任何意见！

用于代码测试的Gcode文件：GCODE FILE

最后是代码：

from tkinter import *
import re
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import filedialog

# Here, we are creating our class, Window, and inheriting from the Frame
# class. Frame is a class from the tkinter module. (see Lib/tkinter/__init__)
class Window(Frame):

    # Define settings upon initialization. Here you can specify
    def __init__(self, master=None):

        # parameters that you want to send through the Frame class. 
        Frame.__init__(self, master)   

        #reference to the master widget, which is the tk window                 
        self.master = master

        #with that, we want to then run init_window, which doesn't yet exist
        self.init_window()

    # Load the gcode file in and extract the filament value
    def get_filament_value(self, fileName):
        with open(fileName, 'r') as f_gcode:
            data = f_gcode.read()
            re_value = re.search('filament used = .*? \(([0-9.]+)', data)

            if re_value:
                value = float(re_value.group(1))
                return('Volume of the print is {} cm3'.format(value))
            else:
                value = 0.0
                return('Filament volume was not found in {}'.format(fileName))
        return value

    def read_gcode(self):
        root.fileName = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes = (("GCODE files", "*.gcode"), ("All files", "*.*")))
        self.value.set = self.get_filament_value(root.fileName)
#       self.value.set('Button pressed')

    def client_exit(self):
        exit()

    def about_popup(self):
        messagebox.showinfo("About", "Small software created by Bartosz Domagalski to find used filament parameters from Sli3er generated GCODE")

    #Creation of init_window
    def init_window(self):

        # changing the title of our master widget      
        self.master.title("Filament Data")

        # allowing the widget to take the full space of the root window
        self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)

        # creating a menu instance
        menu = Menu(self.master)
        self.master.config(menu=menu)

        # create the file object)
        file = Menu(menu)
        help = Menu(menu)

        # adds a command to the menu option, calling it exit, and the
        # command it runs on event is client_exit
        file.add_command(label="Exit", command=self.client_exit)
        help.add_command(label="About", command=self.about_popup)

        #added "file" to our menu
        menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file)
        menu.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=help)


        #Creating the labels
        self.value = StringVar()
        l_instruction = Label(self, justify=CENTER, compound=TOP, text="Load GCODE file to find volume, \n weight and price of used filament.")
        l = Label(self, justify=CENTER, compound=BOTTOM, textvariable=self.value)
#       l.place(x=85, y=45)
        l_instruction.pack()
        l.pack()

        #Creating the button
        gcodeButton = Button(self, text="Load GCODE", command=self.read_gcode)
        gcodeButton.pack()
#       gcodeButton.place(x=140, y=10)

        #status Bar
        status = Label(self, text="Waiting for file...", bd=1, relief=SUNKEN, anchor=W)
        status.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)

# root window created. Here, that would be the only window, but you can later have windows within windows.
root = Tk()
root.resizable(width=False,height=False);
root.geometry("220x300")


#creation of an instance
app = Window(root)

#mainloop 
root.mainloop()

Answer 1

您应该将Label(s) 放在与按钮相同的Frame 中。当我复制你的代码时，我还必须导入filedalog 模块（from tkinter import filedalog），星号导入似乎没有涵盖它。

您可以使用 StringVar() 变量（来自 tkinter）并将其分配给标签。这个变量你可以从.set() 和.get() 取值。创建变量并将其分配给标签：

self.value = StringVar('', value="  Load GCODE file to find volume, \n weight and price of used filament.")
l = Label(self, textvariable=self.value)

改变变量值：

self.value.set(self.get_filament_value(root.fileName))

您必须按照自己的意愿放置标签，就像使用带有quitButton.place 的按钮一样。还有其他处理布局、网格和包的方法。但据我所知，建议为所有元素选择一种布局样式。

创建可执行文件，“冻结”您的代码，是一个更广泛的话题。联系look here 了解一些您可以深入研究的选项。

---

编辑：

更新的工作代码。更改小部件的位置，您会发现 ;) 没有查看代码中的任何新元素。

from tkinter import *
import re
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog


# Here, we are creating our class, Window, and inheriting from the Frame
# class. Frame is a class from the tkinter module. (see Lib/tkinter/__init__)
class Window(Frame):
    # Define settings upon initialization. Here you can specify
    def __init__(self, master=None):

        # parameters that you want to send through the Frame class.
        Frame.__init__(self, master)

        # reference to the master widget, which is the tk window
        self.master = master

        # with that, we want to then run init_window, which doesn't yet exist
        self.init_window()

    # Load the gcode file in and extract the filament value
    def get_filament_value(self, fileName):
        with open(fileName, 'r') as f_gcode:
            data = f_gcode.read()
            re_value = re.search('filament used = .*? \(([0-9.]+)', data)

            if re_value:
                value = float(re_value.group(1))
                return 'Volume of the print is {} cm3'.format(value)
            else:
                return 'Filament volume was not found in {}'.format(fileName)

    def read_gcode(self):
        root.fileName = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=(("GCODE files", "*.gcode"), ("All files", "*.*")))
        self.value.set(self.get_filament_value(root.fileName))

    def client_exit(self):
        exit()

    def about_popup(self):
        messagebox.showinfo("About",
                            "Small software created by Bartosz Domagalski to find used filament parameters from Sli3er generated GCODE")

    # Creation of init_window
    def init_window(self):

        # changing the title of our master widget
        self.master.title("Filament Data")

        # allowing the widget to take the full space of the root window
        self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)

        # creating a menu instance
        menu = Menu(self.master)
        self.master.config(menu=menu)

        # create the file object)
        file = Menu(menu)
        help = Menu(menu)

        # adds a command to the menu option, calling it exit, and the
        # command it runs on event is client_exit
        file.add_command(label="Exit", command=self.client_exit)
        help.add_command(label="About", command=self.about_popup)

        # added "file" to our menu
        menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file)
        menu.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=help)

        # Creating the labels
        self.value = StringVar()
        l_instruction = Label(self, justify=CENTER, compound=TOP,
                              text="  Load GCODE file to find volume, \n weight and price of used filament.")
        l = Label(self, justify=CENTER, compound=BOTTOM, textvariable=self.value)
        #       l.place(x=85, y=45)
        l_instruction.pack()
        l.pack()

        l_instruction.pack()
        self.value = StringVar()
        l = Label(self, textvariable=self.value)
        l.pack()

        # Creating the button
        gcodeButton = Button(self, text="Load GCODE", command=self.read_gcode)
        gcodeButton.pack()
        #       gcodeButton.place(x=140, y=10)

        # status Bar
        status = Label(self, text="Waiting for file...", bd=1, relief=SUNKEN, anchor=W)
        status.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)


# root window created. Here, that would be the only window, but you can later have windows within windows.
root = Tk()
root.resizable(width=False, height=False);
# root.geometry("400x300")


# creation of an instance
app = Window(root)

# mainloop
root.mainloop()