TypeError：leftMove() 缺少 1 个必需的位置参数：'lts'，和 TypeError：rightMove() 缺少 1 个必需的位置参数：'rts'

Question

在这个程序中，我的代码中有十二只海龟（左侧六只，右侧六只）。我创建了两个函数，可以使用户移动左乌龟和右乌龟之一，并为左乌龟和右乌龟指定按键。当我尝试将我的第一只海龟移动到左侧时，当我尝试将第一只海龟移动到左侧时，我收到一条错误消息，提示“TypeError：leftMove() 缺少 1 个必需的位置参数：'lts'”。我在尝试移动右侧的第一只海龟时也收到此错误消息，当我还尝试移动右侧的第一只海龟时说“TypeError：rightMove() 缺少 1 个必需的位置参数：'rts'”。如何解决此错误消息，以便用户可以控制第一左和右海龟的移动？

这是我的代码：

import turtle as trtl

leftTurtles = [] #Stores the turtle from leftTurtleShapes    
rightTurtles = [] #Stores the turtle from rightTurtleShapes

leftTurtleShapes = ["triangle", "circle", "arrow", "square", "turtle", "classic"] 
rightTurtleShapes = ["classic", "square", "circle", "triangle", "arrow", "turtle"]
leftTurtleColors = ["gold", "silver", "dodgerblue", "greenyellow", "peru", "crimson"] #Color aligns with leftTurtleShapes
rightTurtleColors = ["dodgerblue", "peru", "gold", "crimson", "greenyellow", "silver"] #Color aligns with rightTurtleShapes

for d in leftTurtleShapes: #Makes the turtle of leftTurtleShapes and the color of leftTurtleColors to be aligned with leftTurtleShapes and be stored in leftTurtles
    lts = trtl.Turtle(shape=d)
    leftTurtles.append(lts)
    lts.penup()
    leftColor = leftTurtleColors.pop()
    lts.fillcolor(leftColor)
    lts.goto(-350, 0) #Moves the leftTurtle to the left side of the window
    lts.setheading(0)

for s in rightTurtleShapes: #Makes the turtle of rightTurtleShapes and the color of rightTurtleColors to be aligned with rightTurtleShapes and be stored in rightTurtles
    rts = trtl.Turtle(shape=s)
    rightTurtles.append(rts)
    rts.penup()
    rightColor = rightTurtleColors.pop()
    rts.fillcolor(rightColor)
    rts.goto(350, 0) #Moves the rightTurtle to the right side of the window
    rts.setheading(180)

def rightMove(rts): #User can control the movement of one of the right turtles
    rts.setheading(180)
    rts.forward(1)

def leftMove(lts): #User can control the movement of one of the left turtles
    lts.setheading(0)
    lts.forward(1)

rightMove(rightTurtles[0]) #User controls the first right turtle
leftMove(leftTurtles[0]) #User controls the first left turtle

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.onkeypress(leftMove, "d") #User uses the letter "d" to control the movement of the left turtle
wn.onkeypress(rightMove, "e") #User uses the letter "e" to control the movement of the right turtle
wn.listen()
wn.mainloop()

Answer 1

在doc 中，函数不能接受任何参数。

所以你可以重写为：

def rightMove(): #User can control the movement of one of the right turtles
    rts = ... # set your turtle here
    rts.setheading(180)
    rts.forward(1)

def leftMove(): #User can control the movement of one of the left turtles
    lts = ... # set your turtle here
    lts.setheading(0)
    lts.forward(1)