dotnet 构建时间慢，使用 monogame

Question

单人游戏新手。对于简单的东西，构建时间似乎真的很慢。例如，这个带有几个精灵和一个声音文件的非常小的窗口需要 9 秒。当我调整、构建、调整、构建时，这会加起来。

有没有办法加快构建时间，或者让它们增量？或者也许有不同的方法？

dotnet build
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 17.0.0-preview-21378-03+d592862ed for .NET
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

  Determining projects to restore...
  All projects are up-to-date for restore.
  You are using a preview version of .NET. See: https://aka.ms/dotnet-core-preview
  D:/.../snd_music.wma
  D:/.../spr_background.jpg
  D:/.../spr_lives.png
  testGame -> D:\...\Debug\netcoreapp3.1\testGame.dll

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:08.45

Target Performance Summary:

        1 ms  _GenerateRestoreProjectPathWalk            1 calls
        1 ms  GetAssemblyVersion                         1 calls
        1 ms  _CheckForCompileOutputs                    1 calls
        1 ms  CollectPackageDownloads                    1 calls
        1 ms  _GenerateRestoreProjectSpec                1 calls
        1 ms  GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute    1 calls
        1 ms  _GetCopyToOutputDirectoryItemsFromTransitiveProjectReferences   1 calls
        1 ms  _GetProjectReferenceTargetFrameworkProperties   1 calls
        1 ms  _CheckForInvalidConfigurationAndPlatform   1 calls
        1 ms  _GenerateRestoreProjectPathItemsPerFramework   1 calls
        1 ms  _CheckForUnsupportedAppHostUsage           1 calls
        1 ms  _CheckForNETCoreSdkIsPreview               1 calls
        1 ms  ResolveLockFileReferences                  1 calls
        1 ms  _GenerateDotnetCliToolReferenceSpecs       1 calls
        1 ms  AddWindowsSdkKnownFrameworkReferences      2 calls
        2 ms  CheckForDuplicateItems                     1 calls
        2 ms  _ComputeUserRuntimeAssemblies              1 calls
        2 ms  _CollectTargetFrameworkForTelemetry        2 calls
        2 ms  GenerateNETCompatibleDefineConstants       1 calls
        2 ms  _GenerateCompileDependencyCache            1 calls
        2 ms  _GetCopyToOutputDirectoryItemsFromThisProject   1 calls
        2 ms  CreateManifestResourceNames                1 calls
        2 ms  AssignTargetPaths                          1 calls
        2 ms  IncrementalClean                           1 calls
        2 ms  ApplyImplicitVersions                      2 calls
        2 ms  _GetRestoreTargetFrameworksOutput          1 calls
        2 ms  CoreGenerateAssemblyInfo                   1 calls
        2 ms  _ComputeReferenceAssemblies                1 calls
        3 ms  CheckForImplicitPackageReferenceOverrides   2 calls
        3 ms  CreateGeneratedAssemblyInfoInputsCacheFile   1 calls
        3 ms  ResolveFrameworkReferences                 1 calls
        4 ms  SplitResourcesByCulture                    1 calls
        4 ms  PrepareForBuild                            1 calls
        4 ms  _GenerateProjectRestoreGraphPerFramework   1 calls
        4 ms  IncludeContent                             4 calls
        6 ms  _HandlePackageFileConflicts                1 calls
        6 ms  GenerateMSBuildEditorConfigFileCore        1 calls
        6 ms  _GetRestoreProjectStyle                    2 calls
        7 ms  PrepareContentBuilder                      1 calls
        7 ms  ResolveTargetingPackAssets                 1 calls
        8 ms  _CleanGetCurrentAndPriorFileWrites         1 calls
        9 ms  _GetAllRestoreProjectPathItems             1 calls
        9 ms  UpdateAspNetToFrameworkReference           2 calls
       13 ms  _GenerateRuntimeConfigurationFilesInputCache   1 calls
       15 ms  _LoadRestoreGraphEntryPoints               1 calls
       15 ms  GetCopyToOutputDirectoryItems              1 calls
       16 ms  _CopyFilesMarkedCopyLocal                  1 calls
       18 ms  CollectContentReferences                   1 calls
       24 ms  FindReferenceAssembliesForReferences       1 calls
       31 ms  CopyFilesToOutputDirectory                 1 calls
       40 ms  _GetRestoreSettings                        1 calls
       84 ms  ResolveProjectReferences                   1 calls
       88 ms  ResolvePackageAssets                       1 calls
      103 ms  GenerateBuildDependencyFile                1 calls
      109 ms  GenerateBuildRuntimeConfigurationFiles     1 calls
      129 ms  _CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectory   1 calls
      158 ms  ProcessFrameworkReferences                 2 calls
      158 ms  _FilterRestoreGraphProjectInputItems       1 calls
      170 ms  ResolveAssemblyReferences                  1 calls
      171 ms  _CreateAppHost                             1 calls
      193 ms  CoreCompile                                1 calls
      231 ms  _GenerateRestoreGraph                      1 calls
      335 ms  Restore                                    1 calls
     7016 ms  RunContentBuilder                          1 calls

Task Performance Summary:
        0 ms  ValidateExecutableReferences               1 calls
        0 ms  GetAssemblyVersion                         1 calls
        0 ms  FindAppConfigFile                          1 calls
        1 ms  ResolveFrameworkReferences                 1 calls
        1 ms  GetRestoreFrameworkReferencesTask          1 calls
        1 ms  Delete                                     1 calls
        1 ms  GetRestoreProjectReferencesTask            1 calls
        1 ms  Message                                    6 calls
        1 ms  CheckForDuplicateFrameworkReferences       2 calls
        1 ms  GetRestorePackageDownloadsTask             1 calls
        1 ms  JoinItems                                  1 calls
        1 ms  GetRestorePackageReferencesTask            1 calls
        1 ms  CreateWindowsSdkKnownFrameworkReferences   2 calls
        1 ms  ShowPreviewMessage                         1 calls
        1 ms  GetRestoreDotnetCliToolsTask               1 calls
        1 ms  AllowEmptyTelemetry                        2 calls
        1 ms  CreateCSharpManifestResourceName           1 calls
        1 ms  CheckForDuplicateItems                     3 calls
        1 ms  AssignTargetPath                           7 calls
        1 ms  ApplyImplicitVersions                      2 calls
        1 ms  ReadLinesFromFile                          1 calls
        1 ms  ConvertToAbsolutePath                      3 calls
        2 ms  AssignCulture                              2 calls
        2 ms  CreateItem                                 4 calls
        2 ms  Hash                                       3 calls
        2 ms  GetProjectTargetFrameworksTask             1 calls
        2 ms  GetPackageDirectory                        8 calls
        2 ms  NuGetMessageTask                           1 calls
        2 ms  CheckForImplicitPackageReferenceOverrides   2 calls
        2 ms  CheckIfPackageReferenceShouldBeFrameworkReference   4 calls
        2 ms  FindUnderPath                              5 calls
        3 ms  GetRestoreProjectStyleTask                 2 calls
        3 ms  GenerateMSBuildEditorConfig                1 calls
        5 ms  ResolvePackageFileConflicts                1 calls
        6 ms  RemoveDuplicates                           7 calls
        6 ms  CallTarget                                 2 calls
        7 ms  ResolveTargetingPackAssets                 1 calls
        7 ms  WarnForInvalidProjectsTask                 1 calls
        9 ms  MakeDir                                    3 calls
       14 ms  WriteLinesToFile                           3 calls
       36 ms  ResolveAppHosts                            2 calls
       39 ms  GetRestoreSettingsTask                     1 calls
       87 ms  ResolvePackageAssets                       1 calls
      101 ms  GenerateDepsFile                           1 calls
      107 ms  GenerateRuntimeConfigurationFiles          1 calls
      117 ms  ProcessFrameworkReferences                 2 calls
      169 ms  ResolveAssemblyReference                   1 calls
      170 ms  Copy                                       4 calls
      170 ms  CreateAppHost                              1 calls
      180 ms  Csc                                        1 calls
      327 ms  RestoreTask                                1 calls
      349 ms  MSBuild                                    7 calls
     7014 ms  Exec                                       1 calls

内容：

程序.cs

using System;

namespace testGame
{
    public static class Program
    {
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            using (var game = new Game1())
                game.Run();
        }
    }
}

Game1.cs

using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;

namespace testGame
{
    public class Game1 : Game
    {
        private GraphicsDeviceManager _graphics;
        private SpriteBatch _spriteBatch;
        private Texture2D _balloon, _background;
        private Color _pulsing;
        private Vector2 _ballonPos;

        public Game1()
        {
            _graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
            Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
            IsMouseVisible = true;
        }

        protected override void Initialize()
        {
            // TODO: Add your initialization logic here
            base.Initialize();
        }

        protected override void LoadContent()
        {
            _spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
            _balloon = Content.Load<Texture2D>("spr_lives");
            _background = Content.Load<Texture2D>("spr_background");

            MediaPlayer.Play(Content.Load<Song>("snd_music"));

        }

        protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed || Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape))
                Exit();
            // TODO: Add your update logic here
            base.Update(gameTime);
            int redComponent = gameTime.TotalGameTime.Milliseconds / 4;
            _pulsing = new Color(redComponent, 0, 0);

            _ballonPos = Vector2.Zero;
        }

        protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.White);
            _spriteBatch.Begin();
            _spriteBatch.Draw(_background, Vector2.Zero, Color.White);

            _spriteBatch.Draw(_balloon, _ballonPos, _pulsing);
            _spriteBatch.End();

            base.Draw(gameTime);
        }
    }

testGame.csproj

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.1</TargetFramework>
    <PublishReadyToRun>false</PublishReadyToRun>
    <TieredCompilation>false</TieredCompilation>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup>
    <ApplicationManifest>app.manifest</ApplicationManifest>
    <ApplicationIcon>Icon.ico</ApplicationIcon>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <None Remove="Icon.ico" />
    <None Remove="Icon.bmp" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <EmbeddedResource Include="Icon.ico" />
    <EmbeddedResource Include="Icon.bmp" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <MonoGameContentReference Include="Content\Content.mgcb" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReader" Visible="false" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="MonoGame.Framework.DesktopGL" Version="3.8.0.1641" />
    <PackageReference Include="MonoGame.Content.Builder.Task" Version="3.8.0.1641" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

app.manifest

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
  <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="testGame"/>
  <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
    <security>
      <requestedPrivileges xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
        <requestedExecutionLevel  level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
      </requestedPrivileges>
    </security>
  </trustInfo>

  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
    <application>
      <!-- A list of the Windows versions that this application has been tested on and is
           is designed to work with. Uncomment the appropriate elements and Windows will 
           automatically selected the most compatible environment. -->

      <!-- Windows Vista -->
      <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}" />

      <!-- Windows 7 -->
      <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}" />

      <!-- Windows 8 -->
      <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}" />

      <!-- Windows 8.1 -->
      <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}" />

      <!-- Windows 10 -->
      <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />

    </application>
  </compatibility>

  <application xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
    <windowsSettings>
      <dpiAware xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">true/pm</dpiAware>
      <dpiAwareness xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2016/WindowsSettings">permonitorv2,permonitor</dpiAwareness>
    </windowsSettings>
  </application>

</assembly>

Answer 1

事实证明，Content Builder 管道是问题所在。无论出于何种原因，它有时会跳过已构建的内容，而有时会重新构建它。尝试了一些方法，但无法解决。

我无法解决问题，而是改变了我的工作流程。 根据对 r/MonoGame 的建议，我最终切换到 Visual Studio 并学习如何通过“编辑并继续”调试工作流程工作。 VSCode 还没有这个，这就是我不得不切换的原因。

您瞧，Visual Studio 2019 具有称为“应用代码更改”的热重载功能，这使得在 C# 中工作有点像使用 Javascript（以一种很好的方式）。它让我可以在程序仍在调试模式下运行时对其进行编辑和设计。我遇到的唯一限制是，如果我更改符号名称，它必须重建。

其他人建议使用 Nez，因为它解决了管道问题并且内置了好东西。