JavaScript - 如何在 2020 年仅使用密码加密字符串？ [复制]

Question

我想用人类可读的密码加密/解密一个字符串。仅知道密码，加密数据应该是可解密的。 2020年推荐的工具是什么？

1. 内置SubtleCrypto接口中的对称加密需要生成密钥（基于我找到的示例），并且它们还需要额外的数据来解密（计数器或iv值）。

2. 相关SO question 6 岁

   const data = "Hello World";
   const key = "SuperSecret";
   
   const encrypted = encrypt(data, key);
   console.log(encrypted);  // gibberish
   
   const decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, key);
   console.log(decrypted);  // Hello World
   

Answer 1

这里是一个例子，实现简单的加密/解密

// derive string key
async function deriveKey(password) {
  const algo = {
    name: 'PBKDF2',
    hash: 'SHA-256',
    salt: new TextEncoder().encode('a-unique-salt'),
    iterations: 1000
  }
  return crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
    algo,
    await crypto.subtle.importKey(
      'raw',
      new TextEncoder().encode(password),
      {
        name: algo.name
      },
      false,
      ['deriveKey']
    ),
    {
      name: 'AES-GCM',
      length: 256
    },
    false,
    ['encrypt', 'decrypt']
  )
}

// Encrypt function
async function encrypt(text, password) {
  const algo = {
    name: 'AES-GCM',
    length: 256,
    iv: crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12))
  }
  return {
    cipherText: await crypto.subtle.encrypt(
      algo,
      await deriveKey(password),
      new TextEncoder().encode(text)
    ),
    iv: algo.iv
  }
}

// Decrypt function
async function decrypt(encrypted, password) {
  const algo = {
    name: 'AES-GCM',
    length: 256,
    iv: encrypted.iv
  }
  return new TextDecoder().decode(
    await crypto.subtle.decrypt(
      algo,
      await deriveKey(password),
      encrypted.cipherText
    )
  )
}

// example
;(async () => {
  // encrypt
  const encrypted = await encrypt('Secret text', 'password')

  // the cipher text
  console.log(
    String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(encrypted.cipherText))
  )

  // decrypt it
  const decrypted = await decrypt(encrypted, 'password')
  console.log(decrypted) // Secret text
})()