如何在 .NET 中加密字符串？ [复制]

Question

我必须加密/解密 Xml 文件中的一些敏感信息？ 是的，我可以通过编写自己的自定义算法来做到这一点。我想知道 .NET 中是否已经有内置方法可以做到这一点，以及我总是需要注意哪些方面..

Answer 1

这里有几个使用 .NET 框架加密和解密字符串的函数：

public string EncryptString(string plainText)
{
    // Instantiate a new RijndaelManaged object to perform string symmetric encryption
    RijndaelManaged rijndaelCipher = new RijndaelManaged();

    // Set key and IV
    rijndaelCipher.Key = Convert.FromBase64String("ABC");
    rijndaelCipher.IV = Convert.FromBase64String("123");

    // Instantiate a new MemoryStream object to contain the encrypted bytes
    MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();

    // Instantiate a new encryptor from our RijndaelManaged object
    ICryptoTransform rijndaelEncryptor = rijndaelCipher.CreateEncryptor();

    // Instantiate a new CryptoStream object to process the data and write it to the 
    // memory stream
    CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, rijndaelEncryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write);

    // Convert the plainText string into a byte array
    byte[] plainBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(plainText);

    // Encrypt the input plaintext string
    cryptoStream.Write(plainBytes, 0, plainBytes.Length);

    // Complete the encryption process
    cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();

    // Convert the encrypted data from a MemoryStream to a byte array
    byte[] cipherBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();

    // Close both the MemoryStream and the CryptoStream
    memoryStream.Close();
    cryptoStream.Close();

    // Convert the encrypted byte array to a base64 encoded string
    string cipherText = Convert.ToBase64String(cipherBytes, 0, cipherBytes.Length);

    // Return the encrypted data as a string
    return cipherText;
}


public string DecryptString(string cipherText)
{
    // Instantiate a new RijndaelManaged object to perform string symmetric encryption
    RijndaelManaged rijndaelCipher = new RijndaelManaged();

    // Set key and IV
    rijndaelCipher.Key = Convert.FromBase64String("ABC");
    rijndaelCipher.IV = Convert.FromBase64String("123");

    // Instantiate a new MemoryStream object to contain the encrypted bytes
    MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();

    // Instantiate a new encryptor from our RijndaelManaged object
    ICryptoTransform rijndaelDecryptor = rijndaelCipher.CreateDecryptor();

    // Instantiate a new CryptoStream object to process the data and write it to the 
    // memory stream
    CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, rijndaelDecryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write);

    // Will contain decrypted plaintext
    string plainText = String.Empty;

    try
    {
        // Convert the ciphertext string into a byte array
        byte[] cipherBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(cipherText);

        // Decrypt the input ciphertext string
        cryptoStream.Write(cipherBytes, 0, cipherBytes.Length);

        // Complete the decryption process
        cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();

        // Convert the decrypted data from a MemoryStream to a byte array
        byte[] plainBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();

        // Convert the encrypted byte array to a base64 encoded string
        plainText = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(plainBytes, 0, plainBytes.Length);
    }
    finally
    {
        // Close both the MemoryStream and the CryptoStream
        memoryStream.Close();
        cryptoStream.Close();
    }

    // Return the encrypted data as a string
    return plainText;
}

当然，我不建议像这样对密钥和初始化向量进行硬编码 :)

Answer 2

您可能想要深入了解System.Security.Cryptography 命名空间。我想 MSDN 上的文章 Cryptography Overview、Encrypting Data 和 Decrypting Data 可能是不错的入门。