将字典转换为字典列表

Question

所以，我的任务是将字符串转换为字典（必须使用正则表达式）。我做了一个 findall 来分隔每个元素，但不知道如何将它们放在一起。

我有以下代码：

import re

def edata():
  with open("employeedata.txt", "r") as file:
    employeedata = file.read()
    IP_field = re.findall(r"\d+[.]\d+[.]\d+[.]\d+", employeedata)
    username_field = re.findall (r"[a-z]+\d+|- -", employeedata)
    date_field = re.findall (r"\d+\/[A-Z][a-z][0-9]+\/\d\d\d\d:\d+:\d+:\d+ -\d+", employeedata)
    type_field = re.findall (r'"(.*)?"', employeedata)
    Fields = ["IP","username","date","type"]
    Fields2 = IP_field, username_field, date_field, type_field
    dictionary = dict(zip(Fields,Fields2))
    return dictionary

print(edata())

当前输出：

{ "IP": ["190.912.120.151", "190.912.120.151"], "username": ["skynet10001", "skynet10001"] etc }

预期输出：

[{ "IP": "190.912.120.151", "username": "skynet10001" etc },
{ "IP": "190.912.120.151", "username": "skynet10001" etc }]

Answer 1

另一个使用您已经构建的字典的解决方案。此代码使用列表解析和 zip 函数从现有的 dictionary 变量生成字典列表。

import re

def edata():
  with open("employeedata.txt", "r") as file:
    employeedata = file.read()
    IP_field = re.findall(r"\d+[.]\d+[.]\d+[.]\d+", employeedata)
    username_field = re.findall (r"[a-z]+\d+|- -", employeedata)

    date_field = re.findall (r"\[(.*?)\]", employeedata) ## changed your regex for the date field

    type_field = re.findall (r'"(.*)?"', employeedata)
    Fields = ["IP","username","date","type"]
    Fields2 = IP_field, username_field, date_field, type_field
    dictionary = dict(zip(Fields,Fields2))

    result_dictionary = [dict(zip(dictionary, i)) for i in zip(*dictionary.values())] ## convert to list of dictionaries
    return result_dictionary


print(edata())

Answer 2

你可以使用

import re

rx = re.compile(r'^(?P<IP>\d+(?:\.\d+){3})\s+\S+\s+(?P<Username>[a-z]+\d+)\s+\[(?P<Date>[^][]+)]\s+"(?P<Type>[^"]*)"')

def edata():
    results = []
    with open("downloads/employeedata.txt", "r") as file:
        for line in file:
            match = rx.search(line)
            if match:
                results.append(match.groupdict())
    return results
    
print(edata())

请参阅online Python demo。对于file = ['190.912.120.151 - skynet10001 [19/Jan/2012] "Temp"', '221.143.119.260 - terminator002 [16/Feb/2021] "Temp 2"'] 输入，输出将是：

[{'IP': '190.912.120.151', 'Username': 'skynet10001', 'Date': '19/Jan/2012', 'Type': 'Temp'}, {'IP': '221.143.119.260', 'Username': 'terminator002', 'Date': '16/Feb/2021', 'Type': 'Temp 2'}]

正则表达式是

^(?P<IP>\d+(?:\.\d+){3})\s+\S+\s+(?P<Username>[a-z]+\d+)\s+\[(?P<Date>[^][]+)]\s+"(?P<Type>[^"]*)"

请参阅regex demo。 详情：

• ^ - 字符串开头
• (?P<IP>\d+(?:\.\d+){3}) - 组“IP”：一位或多位数字，然后出现三个 . 和一位或多位数字
• \s+\S+\s+ - 一个或多个非空白字符，两端用一个或多个空白字符括起来
• (?P<Username>[a-z]+\d+) - 组“用户名”：一个或多个小写 ASCII 字母，然后是一个或多个数字
• \s+ - 一个或多个空格
• \[ - 一个 [ 字符
• (?P<Date>[^][]+) - 组“日期”：除[ 和] 之外的一个或多个字符
• ]\s+" - 一个 ] 字符，一个或多个空格，"
• (?P<Type>[^"]*) - 组“类型”：" 以外的零个或多个字符
• " - " 字符。