Maya Python：带有 UI 传递变量和调用函数的 cmds.button()？

Question

首先，这似乎是学习更多编程知识的好地方。 我编写了一个 maya python 脚本，这两个函数都可以工作，但是我无法让 UI 按钮调用 superExtrude() 函数。 第一个函数进行几何网格操作，第二个函数应该为用户输入生成 UI：

import maya.cmds as cmds

def superExtrude(extrScale, extrDist):
    """Loops through a list of selected meshes and extrudes all of the mesh faces to produce a polygon frame, based on existing mesh tesselations"""
    myObjectLt = cmds.ls(selection=True)

    for i in range(len(myObjectLt)):
        numFaces = cmds.polyEvaluate(face=True)
        item = myObjectLt[i] + ".f[:]"
        cmds.select(clear=True)
        cmds.select(item, replace=True)

        #extrude by scale
        cmds.polyExtrudeFacet(constructionHistory=True, keepFacesTogether=False, localScaleX=extrScale, localScaleY=extrScale, localScaleZ=extrScale)
        selFaces = cmds.ls(selection=True)
        cmds.delete(selFaces)

        #extrude by height
        cmds.select(item, replace=True)
        cmds.polyExtrudeFacet(constructionHistory=True, keepFacesTogether=True, localTranslateZ=extrDist)

def extrWindow():
    """Creates the user interface UI for the user input of the extrusion scale and height"""
    windowID = "superExtrWindow"

    if cmds.window(windowID, exists=True):
        cmds.deleteUI(windowID)

    cmds.window(windowID, title="SuperExtrude", sizeable=False, resizeToFitChildren=True)
    cmds.rowColumnLayout(numberOfColumns=2, columnWidth=[(1,120),(2,120)], columnOffset=[1,"right",3])

    cmds.text(label="Extrusion Scale:")
    extrScaleVal = cmds.floatField(text=0.9)
    cmds.text(label="Extrusion Height:")
    extrDistVal = cmds.floatField(text=-0.3)
    cmds.separator(height=10, style="none")
    cmds.separator(height=10, style="none")
    cmds.separator(height=10, style="none")

    cmds.button(label="Apply", command=superExtrude(extrScaleVal, extrDistVal))
    cmds.showWindow()

extrWindow()

我对 python 和 maya 脚本还很陌生，因此非常感谢任何帮助。 :)

Answer 1

我不确定这是否是您想要的答案，但您必须了解 Maya“命令”标志：

• 如果要在按钮调用中放入函数，则需要传入不带任何参数的函数名（例如：command = myFunction）（去掉结尾括号“()”）

• 在您的函数中，您需要添加一个“*args”，因为 Maya 按钮总是传递一个参数（我认为它是“False”）（例如：def myFunction(customArg1, customArg2, *args)）

• 如果要在按钮信号中传递参数，则需要使用 functools 模块中的部分函数（来自 functools import partial）并像这样使用它： cmds.button(command = partial(myFunction, arg1, arg2, kwarg1=value1, kwarg2=value2))

还有一点，关于 pymel 和 cmds……这可能是一个永无止境的故事，但 pymel 并不是万能的……当您必须处理大量信息（例如在网格上获取顶点列表）时，pymel可能比简单的 Maya 命令慢 40 倍。 它有它的优点和缺点......如果你刚开始使用 python，我不建议你现在进入 pymel。 熟悉语法和命令，当你没问题时，切换到 pymel（这在你处理对象创建时非常有用）

希望这有帮助， 干杯

编辑：

根据您的第一篇文章，您需要更改代码以使其正常工作：

import maya.cmds as cmds
from functools import partial

#You need to add the *args at the end of your function
def superExtrude(extrScaleField, extrDistField, *args):
    """Loops through a list of selected meshes and extrudes all of the mesh faces to produce a polygon frame, based on existing mesh tesselations"""
    myObjectLt = cmds.ls(selection=True)


    #In the function, we are passing the floatFields, not their values.
    #So if we want to query the value before running the script, we need to
    #use the floatField cmds with the "query" flag


    extrScale = cmds.floatField(extrScaleField, q=1, v=1)
    extrDist = cmds.floatField(extrDistField, q=1, v=1)

    for i in range(len(myObjectLt)):
        numFaces = cmds.polyEvaluate(face=True)
        item = myObjectLt[i] + ".f[:]"
        cmds.select(clear=True)
        cmds.select(item, replace=True)

        #extrude by scale
        cmds.polyExtrudeFacet(constructionHistory=True, keepFacesTogether=False, localScaleX=extrScale, localScaleY=extrScale, localScaleZ=extrScale)
        selFaces = cmds.ls(selection=True)
        cmds.delete(selFaces)

        #extrude by height
        cmds.select(item, replace=True)
        cmds.polyExtrudeFacet(constructionHistory=True, keepFacesTogether=True, localTranslateZ=extrDist)

def extrWindow():
    """Creates the user interface UI for the user input of the extrusion scale and height"""
    windowID = "superExtrWindow"

    if cmds.window(windowID, exists=True):
        cmds.deleteUI(windowID)

    cmds.window(windowID, title="SuperExtrude", sizeable=False, resizeToFitChildren=True)
    cmds.rowColumnLayout(numberOfColumns=2, columnWidth=[(1,120),(2,120)], columnOffset=[1,"right",3])

    cmds.text(label="Extrusion Scale:")

    # There were an error here, replace 'text' with 'value'
    # to give your floatField a default value on its creation

    extrScaleVal = cmds.floatField(value=0.9)
    cmds.text(label="Extrusion Height:")
    extrDistVal = cmds.floatField(value=-0.3)
    cmds.separator(height=10, style="none")
    cmds.separator(height=10, style="none")
    cmds.separator(height=10, style="none")

    # As said above, use the partial function to pass your arguments in the function
    # Here, the arguments are the floatFields names, so we can then query their value
    # everytime we will press the button.

    cmds.button(label="Apply", command=partial(superExtrude,extrScaleVal, extrDistVal))
    cmds.showWindow(windowID)

extrWindow()

Answer 2

cmds.button(label="Apply", command=superExtrude(extrScaleVal, extrDistVal))

此行调用superExtrude 并将其返回值分配给command。由于superExtrude 不返回任何内容，因此该按钮实际上具有None 的命令。

也许您打算在单击按钮时调用 superExtrude，在这种情况下，您应该将其包装在 lambda 中以防止立即调用它：

cmds.button(label="Apply", command=lambda *args: superExtrude(extrScaleVal, extrDistVal))

Answer 3

St4rb0y

首先，您的 floatField 调用（第 33、35 行）使用了无效标志“text”。您的意思可能是使用“值”，因此更改这两行。

extrScaleVal = cmds.floatField(v=0.9)
extrDistVal = cmds.floatField(v=-0.3)

其次，在构建 UI 控件类型时，'command' 标志会查找字符串，因此您必须将命令及其参数用引号括起来：

cmds.button(label="Apply", command='superExtrude(extrScaleVal, extrDistVal)')

更改这三行，它应该都可以正常工作。

提示：

要注释单行代码，请使用 # 而不是将整行括在三个单引号中。使用三引号更方便注释掉多行代码。

控制命令标志的另一个提示：您可以定义一个字符串变量来传递命令，并直接使用该变量而不是字符串。这个技巧在构建动态控件时会派上用场，即根据用户选择组装命令：

comStr = "superExtrude(extrScaleVal, extrDistVal)"
cmds.button(label="Apply", command=comStr)

Answer 4

所以我将所有内容都切换到了 pymel，这是您应该学习的内容。cmds 是垃圾。 花点时间看看你和我的区别。像这样的脚本可以帮助您入门。如果需要任何进一步的解释，请告诉我。

帮个忙，学习 pymel

pymel 在线文档 = http://download.autodesk.com/global/docs/maya2014/en_us/PyMel/

import pymel.core as pm
def superExtrude(*args):
    """Loops through a list of selected meshes and extrudes all of the mesh faces to produce a polygon frame, based on existing mesh tesselations"""
    #pymel uses python classes to make things easier
    #its ok to not understand what a class is but just think of it the same as if you were to add an attribute to a polycube. 
    #your code variable now has attributes 

    #so with that pymel ls returns a list of PyNodes that correspond to the objects
    #cmds ls returns a list of strings which is very unuseful
    #if you look at the help docs you can find most of whats available
    myObjectLt = pm.ls(selection=True)


    for i in myObjectLt:
        #instead of cycling through by a number were gonna cycle through the list itself
        #i is now the item in the list

        #its unnecessary to select the objects because we can specify it in the polyExtrude
        #cmds.select(item,  replace=True)

        #the extrude commands selects things but im not sure what your trying to achive here by seperating
        #the scale extrude and translate extrude
        pm.select(cl=True)



        #the way poly objects wrok is that you have a transform node and a shape node
        # if you graph it in the hypershade you'll see the two nodes
        #the faces are part of the shape node i like accessing things by this node but just know you can do it like this
        #i.f  <-- f is your attribute and i is the item
        #using i.getShape() returns the shape node

        # http://download.autodesk.com/global/docs/maya2014/en_us/PyMel/generated/classes/pymel.core.uitypes/pymel.core.uitypes.FloatField.html?highlight=floatfield#pymel.core.uitypes.FloatField
        #since were using pymel the extrScaleVal has function that lets you get the value
        thisScale = extrScaleVal.getValue()


        pm.polyExtrudeFacet(i.getShape().f, constructionHistory=True, keepFacesTogether=False, localScaleX=thisScale, localScaleY=thisScale, localScaleZ=thisScale)
        #selFaces = cmds.ls(selection=True)
        pm.delete()

        #same as before
        thisDist = extrDistVal.getValue()
        #extrude by height
        pm.polyExtrudeFacet(i.getShape().f, constructionHistory=True, keepFacesTogether=True, localTranslateZ=thisDist)

def extrWindow():
    #global is a way to transfer variables from function to function the way you had it
    # you would have had to query the value from your parameters in superExtrude
    #instead do this
    global extrScaleVal, extrDistVal
    #which will makes these parameters to the other function


    """Creates the user interface UI for the user input of the extrusion scale and height"""
    windowID = "superExtrWindow"

    #instead of having a query run just use try except
    #which will just go to except when the try fails
    try:
        pm.deleteUI(windowID)
    except:
        pass

    pm.window(windowID, title="SuperExtrude", sizeable=False, resizeToFitChildren=True)
    pm.rowColumnLayout(numberOfColumns=2, columnWidth=[(1,120),(2,120)], columnOffset=[1,"right",3])

    pm.text(label="Extrusion Scale:")
    extrScaleVal = pm.floatField(v=0.9)
    pm.text(label="Extrusion Height:")
    extrDistVal = pm.floatField(v=-0.3)
    pm.separator(height=10, style="none")
    pm.separator(height=10, style="none")
    pm.separator(height=10, style="none")

    pm.button(label="Apply", c=superExtrude)
    pm.showWindow()

extrWindow()