【发布时间】:2014-03-26 08:29:13
【问题描述】:
这是我为树实现fold(左)的尝试(它是非常简化的版本,但仔细地再现了真实的树结构):
type 'a tree = Leaf of 'a | Node of 'a * 'a tree list
let rec fold t acc f =
match t with
| Leaf x -> f acc x None
| Node (x, lst) ->
let deferred acc =
List.fold_left (fun acc t' -> fold t' acc f) acc lst in
f acc x (Some deferred)
这个想法是对子树使用延迟调用。它让我们:
- 如果需要,跳过子树遍历
- 初始化子树遍历并组合结果
一个玩具例子:
open Printf
let () =
let tree = Node (3, [Leaf 5; Leaf 3; Node (11, [Leaf 1; Leaf 2]); Leaf 18]) in
fold tree "" (fun str x nested ->
let plus str = if String.length str = 0 then "" else "+" in
let x = string_of_int x in
match nested with
| None -> str ^ (plus str) ^ x
| Some f -> str ^ (plus str) ^ x ^ "*(" ^ (f "") ^ ")"
)
|> printf "%s=";
fold tree 0 (fun acc x -> function
| None -> acc + x
| Some f -> x * (f 0) + acc
)
|> printf "%d\n";
我想这已经被发明了很多次了。这种技术有什么名字吗?任何著名的规范形式?有什么想法可以让它变得更好吗?
【问题讨论】:
标签: tree functional-programming ocaml