如何将 url 参数传递给 APIRequestFactory 放置请求？

Question

我已经尝试了几个小时，但无法弄清楚如何通过 APIRequestFactory put 请求传递 url 参数。我在运行我的服务器时通过 Postman 尝试过，并且 url 变量传递得很好，但是当我在测试中运行它时它停止工作。

我的意思是，当我向“/litter/1/”发送 Postman PUT 请求时，它会成功地将 1 作为变量 litterId，因为我的网址是这样设置的

path('litter/', include('apps.litter.urls')),

和

path('<int:litterId>/', LitterView.as_view(), name='litter-with-id')

但是当我尝试向同一个 url 发送 APIRequestFactory put 请求时，由于某种原因，1 将不再作为 litterId。

一些相关的代码...

我的顶级 url.py

from rest_framework.authtoken import views

from apps.litter.views import LitterView

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('auth/', include('apps.my_auth.urls')),
    path('litter/', include('apps.litter.urls')),
]

这是我的应用特定的 urls.py

from .views import LitterView

urlpatterns = [
    path('', LitterView.as_view(), name='standard-litter'),
    path('<int:litterId>/', LitterView.as_view(), name='litter-with-id'),
]

这是我的意见.py

import json
  
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import IntegrityError
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from rest_framework import authentication, permissions
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.db import models

from .models import Litter
from .serializers import LitterSerializer


#@csrf_exempt
class LitterView(APIView):
    """ 
    View for litter related requests

    * Requres token auth
    """
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)
    authentication_classes = [authentication.TokenAuthentication]
    renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer]

    def put(self, request, litterId=0):
        """
        Updates an old litter
        """

        try:
            litterModel = Litter.objects.get(user=request.user, id=litterId)
        except Litter.DoesNotExist:
            returnData = {'status': 'fail',
                          'error': 'Could not find object with that id.'}
            return Response(returnData)

        serializer_class = LitterSerializer
        serialized = LitterSerializer(litterModel, data=request.data)

        if serialized.is_valid():
            litterModel = serialized.save()

            returnData = {'status': 'okay',
                          'litter': [serialized.data]}
            return Response(returnData)
        else:
            return Response(serialized.errors, status=400)

这是相关的测试。

def test_easy_successful_put_type(self):
        """
        Testing a simple put
        """

        user = UserFactory()
        amount = 40
        amountChange = 20
        litter = LitterFactory(user=user, amount=amount)

        data = {'typeOfLitter': litter.typeOfLitter,
                'amount': litter.amount + amountChange,
                'timeCollected': litter.timeCollected}

        url = '/litter/' + str(litter.id) + '/'
        request = self.factory.put(url, data, format='json') 
        force_authenticate(request, user=user)
        view = LitterView.as_view()
        response = view(request).render()
        responseData = json.loads(response.content)

无论我做什么，我都无法传入 int:litterId，put 函数的默认值始终为 0。任何帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

你的问题在这里：

response = view(request).render()

您手动将请求传递给视图，也没有传递 kwarg litterId，而是使用 APIClient 并向 url 发出 put 请求。首先导入需要的模块：

from django.urls import reverse
from rest_framework.test import APIClient

然后：

user = UserFactory()
amount = 40
amountChange = 20
litter = LitterFactory(user=user, amount=amount)
data = {
            'typeOfLitter': litter.typeOfLitter,
            'amount': litter.amount + amountChange,
            'timeCollected': litter.timeCollected
       }

url = reverse('litter-with-id', kwargs={'litterId': litter.id})
client = APIClient()
client.force_authenticate(user=user)
response = client.put(url, data, format='json')