如何在 C# - CoreBot 中构造 QnA Maker 实例类？

Question

在运行我的 Core Bot C# 示例后，我得到了 System.AggregateException。

在Startup.cs我添加的类如下：

     services.AddSingleton<ChitChatRecognizer>();

识别器类如下所示：

    using System.Net.Http;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using Microsoft.Bot.Builder;
    using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.AI.QnA;
    using Microsoft.Bot.Schema;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

    namespace CoreBot
    {
        public class ChitChatRecognizer : ActivityHandler
        {

            private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
            private readonly ILogger<ChitChatRecognizer> _logger;
            private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;

            public ChitChatRecognizer(IConfiguration configuration, ILogger<ChitChatRecognizer> logger, IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
            {
                _configuration = configuration;
                _logger = logger;
                _httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
            }

            protected override async Task OnMessageActivityAsync(ITurnContext<IMessageActivity> turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            {
                var httpClient = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();

                var qnaMaker = new QnAMaker(new QnAMakerEndpoint
                {
                    KnowledgeBaseId = _configuration["QnAKnowledgebaseId"],
                    EndpointKey = _configuration["QnAEndpointKey"],
                    Host = _configuration["QnAEndpointHostName"]
                },
                null,
                httpClient);

                _logger.LogInformation("Calling QnA Maker");

                var options = new QnAMakerOptions { Top = 1 };

                // The actual call to the QnA Maker service.
                var response = await qnaMaker.GetAnswersAsync(turnContext, options);
                if (response != null && response.Length > 0)
                {
                    await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(MessageFactory.Text(response[0].Answer), cancellationToken);
                }
                else
                {
                    await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(MessageFactory.Text("No QnA Maker answers were found."), cancellationToken);
                }
            }
        }
    }

我什至还没有使用该类，但我什至无法在没有错误的情况下启动我的程序。 我该怎么办？

错误代码：

“某些服务无法构建（验证服务描述符'ServiceType：CoreBot.ChitChatRecognizer Lifetime：Singleton ImplementationType：CoreBot.ChitChatRecognizer'时出错：无法解析类型'System.Net.Http.IHttpClientFactory'的服务'尝试激活“CoreBot.ChitChatRecognizer”时。）（验证服务描述符“ServiceType：Microsoft.BotBuilderSamples.Dialogs.MainDialog Lifetime：Singleton ImplementationType：Microsoft.BotBuilderSamples.Dialogs.MainDialog”时出错：无法解析“System”类型的服务.Net.Http.IHttpClientFactory'，同时尝试激活'CoreBot.ChitChatRecognizer'。）（验证服务描述符时出错'ServiceType：Microsoft.Bot.Builder.IBot Lifetime：Transient ImplementationType：Microsoft.BotBuilderSamples.Bots.DialogAndWelcomeBot`1 [ Microsoft.BotBuilderSamples.Dialogs.MainDialog]'：尝试激活时无法解析“System.Net.Http.IHttpClientFactory”类型的服务'CoreBot.ChitChatRecognizer'.)"

Answer 1

你的设置很奇怪......你正在制作你的 ChitChatRecognizer，它是一个机器人（它源自 ActivityHandler），然后我想，然后 DI 进入一个对话框或另一个机器人？此外，您似乎想将 QnAMaker（QnA 的识别器）视为单例，但您在 OnMessageActivityAsync 中对其进行了初始化——这意味着除非您的机器人收到消息活动，否则它不会初始化，所以如果您尝试初始化其他需要QnAMaker 的东西，它在启动时不会存在。

---

无论如何，要回答如何将QnAMaker插入corebot的问题，如果您想将QnAMaker添加为单例，您可以在启动时将其添加为单例，然后在您的机器人代码中调用它需要调用 QnAMaker。

将 QnAMaker 添加到 Corebot 示例

在Startup.ConfigureServices:

// Register QnAMaker recognizer
services.AddSingleton<MyQnaMaker>();

MyQnAMaker.cs

namespace Microsoft.BotBuilderSamples
{
    public class MyQnaMaker
    {
        public MyQnaMaker(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            ChitChatRecognizer = new QnAMaker(new QnAMakerEndpoint
            {
                KnowledgeBaseId = configuration["QnAKnowledgebaseId"],
                EndpointKey = configuration["QnAEndpointKey"],
                Host = configuration["QnAEndpointHostName"]
            });
        }

        public QnAMaker ChitChatRecognizer { get; set; }
    }
}

DialogAndWelcomeBot.cs 构造函数

DI QnAMaker 进入机器人

        public DialogAndWelcomeBot(ConversationState conversationState, UserState userState, T dialog, ILogger<DialogBot<T>> logger, MyQnaMaker myQnAMaker)
            : base(conversationState, userState, dialog, logger, myQnAMaker)

DialogBot.cs

        public DialogBot(ConversationState conversationState, UserState userState, T dialog, ILogger<DialogBot<T>> logger, MyQnaMaker qnaMaker)
        {
            ConversationState = conversationState;
            UserState = userState;
            Dialog = dialog;
            Logger = logger;
            MyQnaMaker = qnaMaker;
        }

...

        protected override async Task OnMessageActivityAsync(ITurnContext<IMessageActivity> turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            Logger.LogInformation("Running dialog with Message Activity.");

            if (turnContext.Activity.Text == "yo")
            {
                await CallQnAMaker(turnContext, cancellationToken);
            } else {
                // Run the Dialog with the new message Activity.
                await Dialog.RunAsync(turnContext, ConversationState.CreateProperty<DialogState>("DialogState"), cancellationToken);
            }

        }

        private async Task CallQnAMaker(ITurnContext<IMessageActivity> turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var options = new QnAMakerOptions { Top = 1 };

            // The actual call to the QnA Maker service.
            var response = await MyQnaMaker.ChitChatRecognizer.GetAnswersAsync(turnContext, options);
            if (response != null && response.Length > 0)
            {
                await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(MessageFactory.Text(response[0].Answer), cancellationToken);
            }
            else
            {
                await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(MessageFactory.Text("No QnA Maker answers were found."), cancellationToken);
            }
        }

根据需要向您的课程添加更多内容，这只是最低要求。在上面的DialogBot.cs 中，您可以看到如果用户输入"yo" 作为消息，我有调用QnAMaker 的触发器，用于测试目的。

---

运行 Corebot

---

替代品

或者，您可以在机器人的消息处理程序（如DialogBot.OnMessageActivityAsync()）中只new 建立一个新的QnAMaker，类似于示例11.qnamaker 中的做法，并取消单例。