我在之前的评论中使用了glinka 引用的算法版本,这是对相对recent paper 中发布的惩罚加权线性平方方法的改进。我用Rustam Guliev's 代码构建了这个:
from scipy import sparse
from scipy.sparse import linalg
import numpy as np
from numpy.linalg import norm
def baseline_arPLS(y, ratio=1e-6, lam=100, niter=10, full_output=False):
L = len(y)
diag = np.ones(L - 2)
D = sparse.spdiags([diag, -2*diag, diag], [0, -1, -2], L, L - 2)
H = lam * D.dot(D.T) # The transposes are flipped w.r.t the Algorithm on pg. 252
w = np.ones(L)
W = sparse.spdiags(w, 0, L, L)
crit = 1
count = 0
while crit > ratio:
z = linalg.spsolve(W + H, W * y)
d = y - z
dn = d[d < 0]
m = np.mean(dn)
s = np.std(dn)
w_new = 1 / (1 + np.exp(2 * (d - (2*s - m))/s))
crit = norm(w_new - w) / norm(w)
w = w_new
W.setdiag(w) # Do not create a new matrix, just update diagonal values
count += 1
if count > niter:
print('Maximum number of iterations exceeded')
break
if full_output:
info = {'num_iter': count, 'stop_criterion': crit}
return z, d, info
else:
return z
为了测试算法,我创建了一个类似于论文图 3 所示的光谱,首先生成一个由多个高斯峰组成的模拟光谱:
def spectra_model(x):
coeff = np.array([100, 200, 100])
mean = np.array([300, 750, 800])
stdv = np.array([15, 30, 15])
terms = []
for ind in range(len(coeff)):
term = coeff[ind] * np.exp(-((x - mean[ind]) / stdv[ind])**2)
terms.append(term)
spectra = sum(terms)
return spectra
x_vals = np.arange(1, 1001)
spectra_sim = spectra_model(x_vals)
然后,我使用直接取自论文的 4 个点创建了一个三阶插值多项式:
from scipy.interpolate import CubicSpline
x_poly = np.array([0, 250, 700, 1000])
y_poly = np.array([200, 180, 230, 200])
poly = CubicSpline(x_poly, y_poly)
baseline = poly(x_vals)
noise = np.random.randn(len(x_vals)) * 0.1
spectra_base = spectra_sim + baseline + noise
最后,我使用基线校正算法从改变的光谱中减去基线 (spectra_base):
_, spectra_arPLS, info = baseline_arPLS(spectra_base, lam=1e4, niter=10,
full_output=True)
结果是(作为参考,我与Rustam Guliev's的纯ALS实现进行了比较,使用lam = 1e4和p = 0.001):