从python中的txt文件中提取特定文本

Question

我最近拿起 python 来做一些文本提取。 我有一个如下所示的数据集：

    @article{noauthor_collective_nodate,
    title = {Collective teacher efficacy},
    abstract = {Overview Influence: Collective teacher efficacy Domain: Teacher Sub-Domain: Teacher attributes Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate Influence Definition: The shared belief by a group of teachers in a particular educational environment that they have the skills to positively impact student outcomes. Evidence Number of meta-analyses: 2 Number of studies: 61 Number of students: 3,489 Number of effects: 61 Effect size: 1.39},
@article{noauthor_collective_nodate,
    title = {Collective teacher efficacy},
    abstract = {Overview Influence: Collective teacher efficacy Domain: Teacher Sub-Domain: Teacher attributes Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate Influence Definition: The shared belief by a group of teachers in a particular educational environment that they have the skills to positively impact student outcomes. Evidence Number of meta-analyses: 2 Number of studies: 61 Number of students: 3,489 Number of effects: 61 Effect size: 1.39},
}

@article{noauthor_initial_nodate,
    title = {Initial teacher education programs},
    abstract = {Overview Influence: Initial teacher education programs Domain: Teacher Sub-Domain: Teacher Education Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have small positive impact Influence Definition: Initial teacher education or {ITEs} (sometimes at the undergraduate level and sometimes at the post-graduate level) is the entry-level qualification for teaching in numerous countries, including the United States. More recently, there are school-based {ITEs}, non-accredited {ITEs}, and many online {ITE} programs. Evidence Number of meta-analyses: 5 Number of studies: 117 Number of students: 106,016 Number of effects: 509 Effect size: 0.10},
}

@article{noauthor_professional_nodate,
    title = {Professional development programs},
    abstract = {Overview Influence: Professional development programs Domain: Teacher Sub-Domain: Teacher Education Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have positive impact Influence Definition: Professional development relates to courses or interventions aimed to enhance the beliefs, actions, impact of knowledge of teachers and school leaders. Evidence Number of meta-analyses: 21 Number of studies: 1,151 Number of students: 2,321,242 Number of effects: 2,938 Effect size: 0.37},
    keywords = {Program Development},
}

我想从这篇文章中提取标题和摘要的一部分。 我设法使用以下代码提取了我想要的输出：

s = "@article{noauthor_collective_nodate, title = {Collective teacher efficacy}, abstract = {Overview Influence: Collective teacher efficacy Domain: Teacher Sub-Domain: Teacher attributes Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate Influence Definition: The shared belief by a group of teachers in a particular educational environment that they have the skills to positively impact student outcomes. Evidence Number of meta-analyses: 2 Number of studies: 61 Number of students: 3,489 Number of effects: 61 Effect size: 1.39},}@article{noauthor_collective_nodate, title = {Collective teacher efficacy}, abstract = {Overview Influence: Collective teacher efficacy Domain: Teacher Sub-Domain: Teacher attributes Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate Influence Definition: The shared belief by a group of teachers in a particular educational environment that they have the skills to positively impact student outcomes. Evidence Number of meta-analyses: 2 Number of studies: 61 Number of students: 3,489 Number of effects: 61 Effect size: 1.39},}"


start = s.find("title = {") + len("title = {")
end = s.find("}, abstract")

start2 = s.find("Influence Definition: ") + len("Influence Definition: ")
end2 = s.find("Evidence Number of meta-analyses:")

substring = s[start:end]
substring2 = s[start2:end2]
print(substring+' - '+substring2+";")

输出：

Collective teacher efficacy - The shared belief by a group of teachers in a particular educational environment that they have the skills to positively impact student outcomes. ;

问题是：

• 这样只取出第一个搜索结果
• 我希望能够在原始文本文件上运行它，而不是将其复制为“s”。

有人可以伸出援助之手吗？

Answer 1

应该这样做：

with open("myfile.txt", "r") as f:
    s = f.readlines()
    for x in s:
        if x.__contains__("title"):
            start = x.find("title = {") + len("title = {")
            end = x.find("}")
            substring = x[start:end] + " - "
        if x.__contains__("Influence Definition"):
            start = x.find("Influence Definition: ") + len("Influence Definition: ")
            end = x.find("Evidence Number of meta-analyses:")
            substring += x[start:end]
            print(substring)
            print()
    f.close()

例如，如果您的文件名为 myfile.txt，则会打印以下内容：

集体教师效能 - 一群教师的共同信念 在他们有技能的特定教育环境中 对学生成绩产生积极影响。

集体教师效能 - 一群教师的共同信念 在他们有技能的特定教育环境中 对学生成绩产生积极影响。

初始教师教育计划 - 初始教师教育或 {ITEs}（有时在本科阶段，有时在 研究生水平）是教学的入门级资格 包括美国在内的许多国家。最近，有 是基于学校的 {ITEs}、未经认证的 {ITEs} 和许多在线 {ITE} 程序。

专业发展计划 - 专业发展相关 参加旨在增强信念、行动、 教师和学校领导的知识的影响。

Answer 2

1. str.find 有一个 start 参数。您可以使用它跳过之前的搜索结果，只查找下一个匹配项。
2. 您可以使用open从文件中读取文本（注意文档中的示例代码，即使用with open("filename")...）