【发布时间】:2025-11-24 17:45:01
【问题描述】:
我只是复制粘贴了 LWJGL wiki 上 this tutorial 的代码,为了方便起见,我现在将其粘贴在这里。
import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
import org.lwjgl.LWJGLException;
import org.lwjgl.opengl.*;
import org.lwjgl.util.glu.GLU;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
public class TheQuadExampleDrawArrays {
// Entry point for the application
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TheQuadExampleDrawArrays();
}
// Setup variables
private final String WINDOW_TITLE = "The Quad: glDrawArrays";
private final int WIDTH = 320;
private final int HEIGHT = 240;
// Quad variables
private int vaoId = 0;
private int vboId = 0;
private int vertexCount = 0;
public TheQuadExampleDrawArrays() {
// Initialize OpenGL (Display)
this.setupOpenGL();
this.setupQuad();
while (!Display.isCloseRequested()) {
// Do a single loop (logic/render)
this.loopCycle();
// Force a maximum FPS of about 60
Display.sync(60);
// Let the CPU synchronize with the GPU if GPU is tagging behind
Display.update();
}
// Destroy OpenGL (Display)
this.destroyOpenGL();
}
public void setupOpenGL() {
// Setup an OpenGL context with API version 3.2
try {
PixelFormat pixelFormat = new PixelFormat();
ContextAttribs contextAtrributes = new ContextAttribs(3, 2)
.withForwardCompatible(true)
.withProfileCore(true);
Display.setDisplayMode(new DisplayMode(WIDTH, HEIGHT));
Display.setTitle(WINDOW_TITLE);
Display.create(pixelFormat, contextAtrributes);
GL11.glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
} catch (LWJGLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(-1);
}
// Setup an XNA like background color
GL11.glClearColor(0.4f, 0.6f, 0.9f, 0f);
// Map the internal OpenGL coordinate system to the entire screen
GL11.glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
this.exitOnGLError("Error in setupOpenGL");
}
public void setupQuad() {
// OpenGL expects vertices to be defined counter clockwise by default
float[] vertices = {
// Left bottom triangle
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0f,
// Right top triangle
0.5f, -0.5f, 0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0f
};
// Sending data to OpenGL requires the usage of (flipped) byte buffers
FloatBuffer verticesBuffer = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(vertices.length);
verticesBuffer.put(vertices);
verticesBuffer.flip();
vertexCount = 6;
// Create a new Vertex Array Object in memory and select it (bind)
// A VAO can have up to 16 attributes (VBO's) assigned to it by default
vaoId = GL30.glGenVertexArrays();
GL30.glBindVertexArray(vaoId);
// Create a new Vertex Buffer Object in memory and select it (bind)
// A VBO is a collection of Vectors which in this case resemble the location of each vertex.
vboId = GL15.glGenBuffers();
GL15.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboId);
GL15.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, verticesBuffer, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
// Put the VBO in the attributes list at index 0
GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
// Deselect (bind to 0) the VBO
GL15.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
// Deselect (bind to 0) the VAO
GL30.glBindVertexArray(0);
this.exitOnGLError("Error in setupQuad");
}
public void loopCycle() {
GL11.glClear(GL11.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// Bind to the VAO that has all the information about the quad vertices
GL30.glBindVertexArray(vaoId);
GL20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// Draw the vertices
GL11.glDrawArrays(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vertexCount);
/**
* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
* I found that the GL_INVALID_OPERATION flag was being raised here,
* at the call to glDrawArrays().
* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
*/
// Put everything back to default (deselect)
GL20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
GL30.glBindVertexArray(0);
this.exitOnGLError("Error in loopCycle");
}
public void destroyOpenGL() {
// Disable the VBO index from the VAO attributes list
GL20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
// Delete the VBO
GL15.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
GL15.glDeleteBuffers(vboId);
// Delete the VAO
GL30.glBindVertexArray(0);
GL30.glDeleteVertexArrays(vaoId);
Display.destroy();
}
public void exitOnGLError(String errorMessage) {
int errorValue = GL11.glGetError();
if (errorValue != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) {
String errorString = GLU.gluErrorString(errorValue);
System.err.println("ERROR - " + errorMessage + ": " + errorString);
if (Display.isCreated()) Display.destroy();
System.exit(-1);
}
}
}
当我运行它时,它抛出了一个错误
ERROR - Error in loopCycle: Invalid operation
我将其范围缩小到在 loopCycle() 方法中对 glDrawArrays() 的调用,然后在 Google 上查找这可能意味着什么,并发现了 this SO question,其中列出了一大堆可能的原因(在此处列出为方便起见)。
如果非零缓冲区对象名称绑定到启用的数组或
GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER绑定并且当前已映射缓冲区对象的数据存储,则会生成GL_INVALID_OPERATION。如果在
glBegin和对应的glEnd之间执行了glDrawArrays,则生成GL_INVALID_OPERATION。-
李>GL_INVALID_OPERATION将由glDrawArrays或glDrawElements生成,如果当前程序对象中任意两个活动采样器属于不同类型,但引用相同的纹理图像单元。 如果几何着色器处于活动状态并且模式与当前安装的程序对象中几何着色器的输入基元类型不兼容,则会生成
GL_INVALID_OPERATION。如果模式为
GL_PATCHES并且没有曲面细分控制着色器处于活动状态,则生成GL_INVALID_OPERATION。GL_INVALID_OPERATION如果将图元的顶点记录到用于变换反馈目的的缓冲区对象会导致超出任何缓冲区对象大小的限制,或者超出结束位置偏移量 + 大小- 1,由glBindBufferRange设置。GL_INVALID_OPERATION由glDrawArrays()生成,如果不存在几何着色器,则变换反馈处于活动状态且模式不是允许的模式之一。GL_INVALID_OPERATION由glDrawArrays()生成,如果存在几何着色器,则变换反馈处于活动状态,并且几何着色器的输出基元类型与变换反馈primitiveMode 不匹配。如果绑定的着色器程序无效,则生成
GL_INVALID_OPERATION。在使用变换反馈时生成
GL_INVALID_OPERATION,绑定到变换反馈绑定点的缓冲区也绑定到数组缓冲区绑定点。
其中大部分对我来说毫无意义,并且在阅读了相当长的时间后,我并没有更接近于找出这段代码有什么问题。请比我了解更多的人指出GL_INVALID_OPERATION标志被提升的原因吗?
【问题讨论】: