【发布时间】:2016-10-06 21:22:00
【问题描述】:
对于那些不熟悉的人,one-hot encoding 只是指将一列类别(即一个因子)转换为多列二进制指标变量,其中每个新列对应于原始列的一个类。这个例子会更好地解释它:
dt <- data.table(
ID=1:5,
Color=factor(c("green", "red", "red", "blue", "green"), levels=c("blue", "green", "red", "purple")),
Shape=factor(c("square", "triangle", "square", "triangle", "cirlce"))
)
dt
ID Color Shape
1: 1 green square
2: 2 red triangle
3: 3 red square
4: 4 blue triangle
5: 5 green cirlce
# one hot encode the colors
color.binarized <- dcast(dt[, list(V1=1, ID, Color)], ID ~ Color, fun=sum, value.var="V1", drop=c(TRUE, FALSE))
# Prepend Color_ in front of each one-hot-encoded feature
setnames(color.binarized, setdiff(colnames(color.binarized), "ID"), paste0("Color_", setdiff(colnames(color.binarized), "ID")))
# one hot encode the shapes
shape.binarized <- dcast(dt[, list(V1=1, ID, Shape)], ID ~ Shape, fun=sum, value.var="V1", drop=c(TRUE, FALSE))
# Prepend Shape_ in front of each one-hot-encoded feature
setnames(shape.binarized, setdiff(colnames(shape.binarized), "ID"), paste0("Shape_", setdiff(colnames(shape.binarized), "ID")))
# Join one-hot tables with original dataset
dt <- dt[color.binarized, on="ID"]
dt <- dt[shape.binarized, on="ID"]
dt
ID Color Shape Color_blue Color_green Color_red Color_purple Shape_cirlce Shape_square Shape_triangle
1: 1 green square 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
2: 2 red triangle 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
3: 3 red square 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
4: 4 blue triangle 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
5: 5 green cirlce 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
这是我经常做的事情,正如您所见,它非常乏味(尤其是当我的数据有很多因子列时)。有没有更简单的方法可以用 data.table 做到这一点?特别是,当我尝试做类似的事情时,我认为 dcast 将允许我一次对多个列进行一次热编码
dcast(dt[, list(V1=1, ID, Color, Shape)], ID ~ Color + Shape, fun=sum, value.var="V1", drop=c(TRUE, FALSE))
我得到列组合
ID blue_cirlce blue_square blue_triangle green_cirlce green_square green_triangle red_cirlce red_square red_triangle purple_cirlce purple_square purple_triangle
1: 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
3: 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
4: 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5: 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
【问题讨论】:
-
对于 OHE,最好使用稀疏矩阵。
-
@DavidArenburg 感谢您的快速回复。在生产模型中我通常会这样做,但是当我修改新想法并在小型数据集上进行测试时,我喜欢使用 data.table,因为它更容易查看/绘制/子集
-
好的,那我就做
dcast(melt(dt, 1), ID ~ value, length)。在某个地方可能有一个骗局 -
?model.matrix
标签: r data.table