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Question

我正在使用 PyQt5 和 QtDesginer 创建一个桌面应用程序。我有一个连接到数据库的登录页面，并要求用户输入用户名和密码。在设计器中，我创建了一个打开某个链接的窗口。以下代码正在运行。但是当将其插入第二个代码时，它会以退出代码 -1073740791 (0xC0000409) 结束进程。

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
from PyQt5 import uic
from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import QWebEngineView
import sys


class UI(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        uic.loadUi("website.ui", self)

        self.show()


app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = UI()
app.exec_()

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
import mysql.connector as mc
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDialog


class Ui_Form(object):

    def setupUi(self, Form):
        Form.setObjectName("Form")
        Form.resize(500, 193)
        self.verticalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(Form)
        self.verticalLayout_2.setObjectName("verticalLayout_2")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.label)
        self.lineEditEmail = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)
        self.lineEditEmail.setObjectName("lineEditEmail")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.lineEditEmail)
        self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)
        self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.label_2)
        self.lineEditPassword = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)
        self.lineEditPassword.setEchoMode(QtWidgets.QLineEdit.Password)
        self.lineEditPassword.setObjectName("lineEditPassword")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.lineEditPassword)
        self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2)
        spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(20, 40,
                                           QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.verticalLayout_2.addItem(spacerItem)
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")

        # this is the signal that we have already connected
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.login)
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        self.labelResult = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.labelResult.setFont(font)
        self.labelResult.setText("")
        self.labelResult.setObjectName("labelResult")
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.labelResult)
        self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.verticalLayout)

        self.retranslateUi(Form)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    def login(self):
        try:
            email = self.lineEditEmail.text()
            password = self.lineEditPassword.text()

            mydb = mc.connect(
                host="localhost",
                user="root",
                password="",
                database="program"

            )

            mycursor = mydb.cursor()
            query = "SELECT username,password from user where username " \
                    "like '" + email + "'and password like '" \
                    + password + "'"
            mycursor.execute(query)
            result = mycursor.fetchone()

            if result == None:
                self.labelResult.setText("Incorrect email or password")

            else:
                self.labelResult.setText("You are logged in")
                import Load_exam



        except mc.Error as e:
            self.labelResult.setText("Error")

    def retranslateUi(self, Form):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("Form", "Email:"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("Form", "Password:"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Form", "Login"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    Form = QtWidgets.QWidget()
    ui = Ui_Form()
    ui.setupUi(Form)
    Form.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Answer 1

问题的根源主要在于每个进程应该只存在 one 和 unique QApplication 实例。

当您导入 Load_exam 时，QApplication 实例已经存在并正在执行，并且该 scipt 将尝试执行最后三行（因为没有 if __name__ == '__main__' 检查），因此崩溃。

在提供解决方案之前，请考虑以下两个方面：

• import 语句应始终出现在脚本的开头，因为在代码中（尤其是在函数中）导入通常是不必要的，并且经常会导致意想不到的问题；对于常见用途，唯一可接受的例外是在 __name__ 检查中执行此操作；
• 编辑pyuic 生成的文件被认为是不好的 做法，绝不应该，永远除非你真的知道你在做什么（如果你知道，你可能不会这样做）；这些文件是专门导入的，如有关using Designer的官方指南中所述；

记住以上几点，用pyuic重新创建Ui_Form的ui（以下假设生成的文件名为loginForm.py），并创建一个新脚本如下：

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets, uic
from loginForm import Ui_Form
import mysql.connector as mc


class BrowserWindow(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        uic.loadUi("website.ui", self)


class LoginWindow(QtWidgets.QWidget, Ui_Form):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.login)

    def login(self):
        try:
            email = self.lineEditEmail.text()
            password = self.lineEditPassword.text()

            mydb = mc.connect(
                host="localhost",
                user="root",
                password="",
                database="program"

            )

            mycursor = mydb.cursor()
            query = "SELECT username,password from user where username " \
                    "like '" + email + "'and password like '" \
                    + password + "'"
            mycursor.execute(query)
            result = mycursor.fetchone()

            if result == None:
                self.labelResult.setText("Incorrect email or password")

            else:
                self.labelResult.setText("You are logged in")
                self.showBrowser()

        except mc.Error as e:
            self.labelResult.setText("Error")

    def showBrowser(self):
        self.browser = BrowserWindow()
        self.browser.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    loginWindow = LoginWindow()
    loginWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

由于您已经在浏览器窗口中使用了uic，因此您可以跳过pyuic 部分，并在登录窗口中也使用相同的部分：

class LoginWindow(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        uic.loadUi('loginForm.ui', self)
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.login)

    # ...