我想创建一根绳子，就像video 中显示的那样。 开发这种绳索的最佳方法是什么？
我已经尝试过开始，我认为最好的方法是制作许多小的“绳索”部件并用销接头将它们连接起来（这真的是最好的吗？！？）。但我不知道如何开始。
也许有人可以给我一些示例代码.. THX :)
【问题讨论】：
标签： ios objective-c xcode game-physics sprite-kit
我是该视频的作者。由于对源代码的需求很大，我已经在 Github 上发布了。
你可以找到它here
【讨论】：
我还用 PinJoints 连接了单个部分的绳索。我认为这是展示“绳索”的唯一方法。我认为在视频中它是相同的，你可以看到单链链接。你甚至不需要这么多的关节元素，只需让精灵与物理体重叠一点，使其看起来非常真实。这是我的示例方法...只需替换图像名称 n 东西...
+(void) addRopeJointItems:(CGPoint)leftStartPosition
countJointElements:(int)countJointElements
game:(SKScene*)game
{
int itemJointWidth = 25;
//Left Physics Anchor
SKSpriteNode * leftAnchor = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithImageNamed:@"dummypixel_transparent.png"];
leftAnchor.position = CGPointMake(leftStartPosition.x, leftStartPosition.y);
leftAnchor.size = CGSizeMake(1, 1);
leftAnchor.zPosition = 2;
leftAnchor.physicsBody = [SKPhysicsBody
bodyWithRectangleOfSize:
leftAnchor.size];
leftAnchor.physicsBody.affectedByGravity = false;
leftAnchor.physicsBody.mass = 99999999999;
[game addChild:leftAnchor];
//add RopeElements
for (int i=0; i<countJointElements; i++)
{
SKSpriteNode * item = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithImageNamed:@"suspensionrope.png"];
item.name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"ropeitem_%d", i];
item.position = CGPointMake(leftStartPosition.x + (i*itemJointWidth) + itemJointWidth/2, leftStartPosition.y+60);
item.size = CGSizeMake(itemJointWidth + 5, 5);
item.zPosition = 2;
item.physicsBody = [SKPhysicsBody
bodyWithRectangleOfSize:
item.size];
item.physicsBody.categoryBitMask = kNilOptions;
[game addChild:item];
//Add Joint to the element before
SKPhysicsBody* bodyA;
if (i == 0)
{
bodyA = leftAnchor.physicsBody;
}
else
{
bodyA = [game childNodeWithName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"ropeitem_%d", i-1]].physicsBody;
}
SKPhysicsJointPin* joint = [SKPhysicsJointPin jointWithBodyA:bodyA bodyB:item.physicsBody anchor:CGPointMake((item.position.x - item.size.width/2) + 5, item.position.y)];
[game.physicsWorld addJoint:joint];
}
//Right Physics Anchor
SKSpriteNode * rightAnchor = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithImageNamed:@"dummypixel_transparent.png"];
rightAnchor.position = CGPointMake((leftStartPosition.x + (countJointElements*itemJointWidth)),
leftStartPosition.y+60);
rightAnchor.size = CGSizeMake(1, 1);
rightAnchor.zPosition = 2;
rightAnchor.physicsBody = [SKPhysicsBody
bodyWithRectangleOfSize:
rightAnchor.size];
rightAnchor.physicsBody.affectedByGravity = false;
rightAnchor.physicsBody.mass = 99999999999;
[game addChild:rightAnchor];
//Add the Last Joint
SKPhysicsJointPin* jointLast = [SKPhysicsJointPin jointWithBodyA:[game childNodeWithName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"ropeitem_%d", countJointElements - 1]].physicsBody
bodyB:rightAnchor.physicsBody
anchor:rightAnchor.position];
[game.physicsWorld addJoint:jointLast];
}
【讨论】：
leftAnchor.physicsBody.mass = CGFLOAT_MAX;
迅速
func addRopeJointItems(leftStartPosition: CGPoint, numOfJoints countJointElements:Int, andScene game:SKScene ){
var itemJointWidth = 25
var leftAnchor = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "rope_ring.png")
leftAnchor.position = CGPointMake(leftStartPosition.x, leftStartPosition.y)
leftAnchor.size = CGSizeMake(1, 1);
leftAnchor.zPosition = 2;
leftAnchor.physicsBody = SKPhysicsBody(rectangleOfSize: leftAnchor.size)
leftAnchor.physicsBody?.affectedByGravity = false
leftAnchor.physicsBody?.mass = 999999999;
game.addChild(leftAnchor)
for index in 0...countJointElements {
var item = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "rope_ring.png")
item.name = "ropeitem_" + String(index)
item.position = CGPointMake(leftStartPosition.x + CGFloat((index * itemJointWidth)) + CGFloat(itemJointWidth / 2) , leftStartPosition.y + 60)
item.size = CGSizeMake(CGFloat(itemJointWidth + 5), 5);
item.zPosition = 2;
item.physicsBody = SKPhysicsBody(rectangleOfSize: item.size)
item.physicsBody?.categoryBitMask = 0;
game.addChild(item)
var bodyA = SKPhysicsBody()
if (index == 0)
{
bodyA = leftAnchor.physicsBody!;
}
else
{
var nameString = "ropeitem_" + String(index - 1)
var node = game.childNodeWithName(nameString) as SKSpriteNode
bodyA = node.physicsBody!
}
var joint = SKPhysicsJointPin.jointWithBodyA(bodyA, bodyB: item.physicsBody, anchor: CGPointMake((item.position.x - item.size.width/2) + 5, item.position.y))
game.physicsWorld.addJoint(joint)
}
var rightAnchor = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "rope_ring.png")
rightAnchor.position = CGPointMake(leftStartPosition.x + CGFloat((countJointElements * itemJointWidth)), CGFloat(leftStartPosition.y + 60))
rightAnchor.size = CGSizeMake(1, 1);
rightAnchor.zPosition = 2;
rightAnchor.physicsBody = SKPhysicsBody(rectangleOfSize: rightAnchor.size)
rightAnchor.physicsBody?.affectedByGravity = false
rightAnchor.physicsBody?.mass = 999999999;
game.addChild(rightAnchor)
var nameString = NSString(format: "ropeitem_%d", countJointElements - 1)
var node = game.childNodeWithName(nameString)
var jointLast = SKPhysicsJointPin.jointWithBodyA(node!.physicsBody!, bodyB: rightAnchor.physicsBody, anchor: rightAnchor.position)
game.physicsWorld.addJoint(jointLast)
}
【讨论】：
我刚刚发布了我自己的绳索版本，灵感来自 mraty's，但有一个解决弹性效果“错误”的方法。
这是我的绳索界面：
#import <SpriteKit/SpriteKit.h>
@interface ALRope : NSObject
@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSArray *ropeRings;
@property(nonatomic) int ringCount;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat ringScale;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat ringsDistance;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat jointsFrictionTorque;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat ringsZPosition;
@property(nonatomic) CGPoint startRingPosition;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat ringFriction;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat ringRestitution;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat ringMass;
@property(nonatomic) BOOL shouldEnableJointsAngleLimits;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat jointsLowerAngleLimit;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat jointsUpperAngleLimit;
-(instancetype)initWithRingTexture:(SKTexture *)ringTexture;
-(void)buildRopeWithScene:(SKScene *)scene;
-(void)adjustRingPositions;
-(SKSpriteNode *)startRing;
-(SKSpriteNode *)lastRing;
@end
实现代码：
#import "ALRope.h"
@implementation ALRope
{
SKTexture *_ringTexture;
NSMutableArray *_ropeRings;
}
static CGFloat const RINGS_DISTANCE_DEFAULT = 0;
static CGFloat const JOINTS_FRICTION_TORQUE_DEFAULT = 0;
static CGFloat const RING_SCALE_DEFAULT = 1;
static int const RING_COUNT_DEFAULT = 30;
static CGFloat const RINGS_Z_POSITION_DEFAULT = 1;
static BOOL const SHOULD_ENABLE_JOINTS_ANGLE_LIMITS_DEFAULT = NO;
static CGFloat const JOINT_LOWER_ANGLE_LIMIT_DEFAULT = -M_PI / 3;
static CGFloat const JOINT_UPPER_ANGLE_LIMIT_DEFAULT = M_PI / 3;
static CGFloat const RING_FRICTION_DEFAULT = 0;
static CGFloat const RING_RESTITUTION_DEFAULT = 0;
static CGFloat const RING_MASS_DEFAULT = -1;
-(instancetype)initWithRingTexture:(SKTexture *)ringTexture
{
if(self = [super init]) {
_ringTexture = ringTexture;
//apply defaults
_startRingPosition = CGPointMake(0, 0);
_ringsDistance = RINGS_DISTANCE_DEFAULT;
_jointsFrictionTorque = JOINTS_FRICTION_TORQUE_DEFAULT;
_ringScale = RING_SCALE_DEFAULT;
_ringCount = RING_COUNT_DEFAULT;
_ringsZPosition = RINGS_Z_POSITION_DEFAULT;
_shouldEnableJointsAngleLimits = SHOULD_ENABLE_JOINTS_ANGLE_LIMITS_DEFAULT;
_jointsLowerAngleLimit = JOINT_LOWER_ANGLE_LIMIT_DEFAULT;
_jointsUpperAngleLimit = JOINT_UPPER_ANGLE_LIMIT_DEFAULT;
_ringFriction = RING_FRICTION_DEFAULT;
_ringRestitution = RING_RESTITUTION_DEFAULT;
_ringMass = RING_MASS_DEFAULT;
}
return self;
}
-(void)buildRopeWithScene:(SKScene *)scene
{
_ropeRings = [NSMutableArray new];
SKSpriteNode *firstRing = [self addRopeRingWithPosition:_startRingPosition underScene:scene];
SKSpriteNode *lastRing = firstRing;
CGPoint position;
for (int i = 1; i < _ringCount; i++) {
position = CGPointMake(lastRing.position.x, lastRing.position.y - lastRing.size.height - _ringsDistance);
lastRing = [self addRopeRingWithPosition:position underScene:scene];
}
[self addJointsWithScene:scene];
}
-(SKSpriteNode *)addRopeRingWithPosition:(CGPoint)position underScene:(SKScene *)scene
{
SKSpriteNode *ring = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:_ringTexture];
ring.xScale = ring.yScale = _ringScale;
ring.position = position;
ring.physicsBody = [SKPhysicsBody bodyWithCircleOfRadius:ring.size.height / 2];
ring.physicsBody.allowsRotation = YES;
ring.physicsBody.friction = _ringFriction;
ring.physicsBody.restitution = _ringRestitution;
if(_ringMass > 0) {
ring.physicsBody.mass = _ringMass;
}
[scene addChild:ring];
[_ropeRings addObject:ring];
return ring;
}
-(void)addJointsWithScene:(SKScene *)scene
{
for (int i = 1; i < _ropeRings.count; i++) {
SKSpriteNode *nodeA = [_ropeRings objectAtIndex:i-1];
SKSpriteNode *nodeB = [_ropeRings objectAtIndex:i];
SKPhysicsJointPin *joint = [SKPhysicsJointPin jointWithBodyA:nodeA.physicsBody
bodyB:nodeB.physicsBody
anchor:CGPointMake(nodeA.position.x,
nodeA.position.y - (nodeA.size.height + _ringsDistance) / 2)];
joint.frictionTorque = _jointsFrictionTorque;
joint.shouldEnableLimits = _shouldEnableJointsAngleLimits;
if(_shouldEnableJointsAngleLimits) {
joint.lowerAngleLimit = _jointsLowerAngleLimit;
joint.upperAngleLimit = _jointsUpperAngleLimit;
}
[scene.physicsWorld addJoint:joint];
}
}
//workaround for elastic effect should be called from didSimulatePhysics
-(void)adjustRingPositions
{
//based on zRotations of all rings and the position of start ring adjust the rest of the rings positions starting from top to bottom
for (int i = 1; i < _ropeRings.count; i++) {
SKSpriteNode *nodeA = [_ropeRings objectAtIndex:i-1];
SKSpriteNode *nodeB = [_ropeRings objectAtIndex:i];
CGFloat thetaA = nodeA.zRotation - M_PI / 2,
thetaB = nodeB.zRotation + M_PI / 2,
jointRadius = (_ringsDistance + nodeA.size.height) / 2,
xJoint = jointRadius * cosf(thetaA) + nodeA.position.x,
yJoint = jointRadius * sinf(thetaA) + nodeA.position.y,
theta = thetaB - M_PI,
xB = jointRadius * cosf(theta) + xJoint,
yB = jointRadius * sinf(theta) + yJoint;
nodeB.position = CGPointMake(xB, yB);
}
}
-(SKSpriteNode *)startRing
{
return _ropeRings[0];
}
-(SKSpriteNode *)lastRing
{
return [_ropeRings lastObject];
}
@end
场景代码：
#import "ALRopeDemoScene.h"
#import "ALRope.h"
@implementation ALRopeDemoScene
{
__weak SKSpriteNode *_branch;
CGPoint _touchLastPosition;
BOOL _branchIsMoving;
ALRope *_rope;
}
-(id)initWithSize:(CGSize)size {
if (self = [super initWithSize:size]) {
/* Setup your scene here */
self.backgroundColor = [SKColor colorWithRed:0.2 green:0.5 blue:0.6 alpha:1.0];
[self buildScene];
}
return self;
}
-(void) buildScene {
SKSpriteNode *branch = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithImageNamed:@"Branch"];
_branch = branch;
branch.position = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMaxX(self.frame) - branch.size.width / 2,
CGRectGetMidY(self.frame) + 200);
branch.physicsBody = [SKPhysicsBody bodyWithRectangleOfSize:CGSizeMake(2, 10)];
branch.physicsBody.dynamic = NO;
[self addChild:branch];
_rope = [[ALRope alloc] initWithRingTexture:[SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"rope_ring"]];
//configure rope params if needed
// _rope.ringCount = ...;//default is 30
// _rope.ringScale = ...;//default is 1
// _rope.ringsDistance = ...;//default is 0
// _rope.jointsFrictionTorque = ...;//default is 0
// _rope.ringsZPosition = ...;//default is 1
// _rope.ringFriction = ...;//default is 0
// _rope.ringRestitution = ...;//default is 0
// _rope.ringMass = ...;//ignored unless mass > 0; default -1
// _rope.shouldEnableJointsAngleLimits = ...;//default is NO
// _rope.jointsLowerAngleLimit = ...;//default is -M_PI/3
// _rope.jointsUpperAngleLimit = ...;//default is M_PI/3
_rope.startRingPosition = CGPointMake(branch.position.x - 100, branch.position.y);//default is (0, 0)
[_rope buildRopeWithScene:self];
//attach rope to branch
SKSpriteNode *startRing = [_rope startRing];
CGPoint jointAnchor = CGPointMake(startRing.position.x, startRing.position.y + startRing.size.height / 2);
SKPhysicsJointPin *joint = [SKPhysicsJointPin jointWithBodyA:branch.physicsBody bodyB:startRing.physicsBody anchor:jointAnchor];
[self.physicsWorld addJoint:joint];
}
-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
CGPoint location = [touch locationInNode:self];
if(CGRectContainsPoint(_branch.frame, location)) {
_branchIsMoving = YES;
_touchLastPosition = location;
}
}
-(void) touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
_branchIsMoving = NO;
}
-(void) touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
if(_branchIsMoving) {
UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
CGPoint location = [touch locationInNode:self],
branchCurrentPosition = _branch.position;
CGFloat dx = location.x - _touchLastPosition.x,
dy = location.y - _touchLastPosition.y;
_branch.position = CGPointMake(branchCurrentPosition.x + dx, branchCurrentPosition.y + dy);
_touchLastPosition = location;
}
}
-(void)didSimulatePhysics
{
//workaround for elastic effect
[_rope adjustRingPositions];
}
@end
注意来自 [scene didSimulatePhysics] 的 [rope adjustRingPositions] 调用。这是我对弹性错误的实际修复。
完整的演示代码是here
【讨论】：