通过 CMake 将外部库包含到 CLion 项目中

Question

我很难让 GLFW Windows 预编译的二进制文件在我的 CLion 项目中工作。这些库放置在外部目录中。我不希望它们出现在我的项目库中，但应该（当然）在发布应用程序时提供。我是 C++ 新手，但我认为实现这一点可能和在 Java 中一样容易（Intellij Idea -> 依赖项 -> ...）。

GLFW Windows pre-compiled binaries

我使用 MinGW 5.0 和 CMake 3.10.2； 我的 CMakeLists.txt：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(Hatsudouki_core)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)

link_directories(F:\\C++\\ExternalLibraries\\GLFW\\lib-mingw-w64)
include_directories(F:\\C++\\ExternalLibraries\\GLFW\\include)

add_executable(Hatsudouki_core main.cpp)

target_link_libraries(Hatsudouki_core glfw3)

Main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

int main() {
    if (!glfwInit())
         std::cout << "error!" << std::endl;
    else
         std::cout << "success!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

构建输出

"F:\C++\CLion 2018.1\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" --build C:\Users\simon\CLionProjects\Hatsudouki-core\cmake-build-debug --target Hatsudouki_core -- -j 4
[ 50%] Linking CXX executable Hatsudouki_core.exe
CMakeFiles\Hatsudouki_core.dir/objects.a(main.cpp.obj): In function `main':
C:/Users/simon/CLionProjects/Hatsudouki-core/main.cpp:5: undefined reference to `glfwInit'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
mingw32-make.exe[3]: *** [Hatsudouki_core.exe] Error 1
CMakeFiles\Hatsudouki_core.dir\build.make:96: recipe for target 'Hatsudouki_core.exe' failed
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:66: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/Hatsudouki_core.dir/all' failed
mingw32-make.exe[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/Hatsudouki_core.dir/all] Error 2
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:78: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/Hatsudouki_core.dir/rule' failed
mingw32-make.exe[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Hatsudouki_core.dir/rule] Error 2
Makefile:117: recipe for target 'Hatsudouki_core' failed
mingw32-make.exe: *** [Hatsudouki_core] Error 2

我尝试了这里提到的以下解决方案：
- GLFW doc 和 GLFW doc2（查找包不起作用，没有 CMake 文件）
- Github issue report 与Github issue report 2 相关，然后导致将FindGLFW.cmake 放入某个目录的解决方案？试图把它放在这里 GLFW\FindGLFW.cmake 但不起作用
- 链接没有像这里提到的那样工作：Stackoverflow

图片 GLFW 目录：GLFW Windows pre-compiled binaries

我想我只是不明白 CMake、外部库和 C++ 如何协同工作来完成这个相当简单的任务。我相信与 Java 的比较会有所帮助（用于使用 gradle）

编辑 1 正如建议的那样，我添加了以下内容： 我将Findglfw3.cmake 放入PROJECT/cmake/Modules/：

# Copyright (c) 2015 Andrew Kelley
# This file is MIT licensed.
# See http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

# GLFW_FOUND
# GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR
# GLFW_LIBRARY

find_path(GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR NAMES F:\\C++\\ExternalLibraries\\GLFW\\include\\GLFW\\glfw3.h)

find_library(GLFW_LIBRARY NAMES glfw glfw3)

include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
find_package_handle_standard_args(GLFW DEFAULT_MSG GLFW_LIBRARY GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR)

mark_as_advanced(GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR GLFW_LIBRARY)

并在我的 CMakeLists.txt 中添加了以下几行：

find_package(glfw3 REQUIRED)
include_directories(${glfw3_INCLUDE_DIRS})
set(LIBS ${LIBS} ${glfw3_LIBRARIES})
set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/Modules/")

target_link_libraries(hatsudouki_core ${LIBS})

我也在 Findglfw3.cmake 中试过：

find_path(GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR NAMES GLFW/glfw3.h)

这在原始文件中是相同的。两者都不起作用；错误：

"F:\C++\CLion 2018.1\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" --build C:\Users\simon\CLionProjects\Hatsudouki-core\cmake-build-debug --target Hatsudouki_core -- -j 4
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:6 (find_package):
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
By not providing "Findglfw3.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has
See also "C:/Users/simon/CLionProjects/Hatsudouki-core/cmake-build-debug/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "glfw3", but
CMake did not find one.

Makefile:175: recipe for target 'cmake_check_build_system' failed
Could not find a package configuration file provided by "glfw3" with any of
the following names:

glfw3Config.cmake
glfw3-config.cmake

Add the installation prefix of "glfw3" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
"glfw3_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If "glfw3"
provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been
installed.
mingw32-make.exe: *** [cmake_check_build_system] Error 1

Answer 1

正如here解释的那样

1. 在PROJECT/cmake/Modules/ 中创建Findglfw3.cmake 文件，看起来像

   # GLFW_FOUND
   # GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR
   # GLFW_LIBRARY
   
   set(FIND_GLFW_PATHS "F:\\C++\\ExternalLibraries\\GLFW")
   
   find_path(GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR NAMES GLFW/glfw3 GLFW/glfw3.h PATH_SUFFIXES include PATHS ${FIND_GLFW_PATHS})
   find_library(GLFW_LIBRARY NAMES glfw3 glfw3.a libglfw3 libglfw3.a PATH_SUFFIXES lib-mingw PATHS ${FIND_GLFW_PATHS})
   
   include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
   find_package_handle_standard_args(GLFW DEFAULT_MSG GLFW_LIBRARY GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR)
   
   mark_as_advanced(GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR GLFW_LIBRARY)
   

2. 在CMakeLists.txt中定义模块路径

   #Define module path
   list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/Modules")
   

3. 还将包含目录和库与CMakeLists.txt中的项目链接

   #Define static GLFW libraries and header files
   find_package(glfw3 REQUIRED)
   include_directories(${GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR})
   ...
   target_link_libraries(Hatsudouki_core ${GLFW_LIBRARY})
   

Answer 2

首先你需要安装glfw 包。如果您使用的是MSYS2，那么可以在 64 位 Windows 上使用 pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-glfw 和在 32 位 Windows 上使用 pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-glfw 安装它。并且您需要使用find_package 让cmake 自动定位glfw 库，而不是手动定位它们。如果您不使用MSYS2，那么这可能有点困难。看看这段代码。

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(Hatsudouki_core)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)

add_executable(Hatsudouki_core main.cpp)

find_package(glfw3 REQUIRED) # Find the GLFW library
target_link_libraries(Hatsudouki_core PRIVATE glfw) # Finally, link to them.

如果你需要预编译的库，我建议你使用 MSYS2。它有一个非常好的包管理器，叫做pacman。