如何在 keras 中使用 lambda 层？

Question

我想定义 lambda 层以将特征与叉积相结合，然后合并这些模型，如图所示。 ,我该怎么办？

测试model_1，得到128维形式dense，使用pywt得到两个64维特征(cA,cD)，然后返回cA*cD //当然我想合并两个模型，但是先试试model_1。

from keras.models import Sequential,Model
from keras.layers import Input,Convolution2D,MaxPooling2D
from keras.layers.core import Dense,Dropout,Activation,Flatten,Lambda
import pywt

def myFunc(x):
    (cA, cD) = pywt.dwt(x, 'db1')
#    x=x*x
    return cA*cD

batch_size=32
nb_classes=3
nb_epoch=20
img_rows,img_cols=200,200
img_channels=1
nb_filters=32
nb_pool=2
nb_conv=3

inputs=Input(shape=(1,img_rows,img_cols))
x=Convolution2D(nb_filters,nb_conv,nb_conv,border_mode='valid',
                  input_shape=(1,img_rows,img_cols),activation='relu')(inputs)
x=Convolution2D(nb_filters,nb_conv,nb_conv,activation='relu')(x)
x=MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(nb_pool,nb_pool))(x)
x=Dropout(0.25)(x)
x=Flatten()(x)
y=Dense(128,activation='relu')(x)
cross=Lambda(myFunc,output_shape=(64,))(y)   
predictions=Dense(nb_classes,activation='softmax')(cross)
model = Model(input=inputs, output=predictions)
model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',optimizer='adadelta',metrics=['accuracy'])

model.fit(X_train,Y_train,batch_size=batch_size,nb_epoch=nb_epoch,
          verbose=1,validation_data=(X_test,Y_test))

抱歉，我可以问一个关于张量的问题吗？

import tensorflow as tf
W1 = tf.Variable(np.array([[1,2],[3,4]]))
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
sess = tf.Session()
sess.run(init)
array = W1.eval(sess)
print (array)

没错！然而，

from keras import backend as K
import numpy as np
kvar=K.variable(np.array([[1,2],[3,4]]))
K.eval(kvar)
print(kvar)

我得到了<CudaNdarrayType(float32, matrix)> 和kvar.eval() 我得到了b'CudaNdarray([[ 1. 2.]\n [ 3. 4.]])'。我用的是keras，那么如何使用keras得到像tensorflow这样的数组呢？

Answer 1

我可能会复制密集层。不是有 2 层有 128 个单元，而是有 4 层有 64 个单元。结果是相同的，但您将能够更好地执行叉积。

from keras.models import Model

#create dense layers and store their output tensors, they use the output of models 1 and to as input    
d1 = Dense(64, ....)(Model_1.output)   
d2 = Dense(64, ....)(Model_1.output)   
d3 = Dense(64, ....)(Model_2.output)   
d4 = Dense(64, ....)(Model_2.output)   

cross1 = Lambda(myFunc, output_shape=....)([d1,d4])
cross2 = Lambda(myFunc, output_shape=....)([d2,d3])

#I don't really know what kind of "merge" you want, so I used concatenate, there are Add, Multiply and others....
output = Concatenate()([cross1,cross2])
    #use the "axis" attribute of the concatenate layer to define better which axis will be doubled due to the concatenation    

model = Model([Model_1.input,Model_2.input], output)

现在，对于 lambda 函数：

import keras.backend as K

def myFunc(x):
    return x[0] * x[1]