【发布时间】:2015-10-07 21:44:49
【问题描述】:
我正在尝试使用 Python(使用 pandas.stats.api.ols)重写预测模型(在 Stata 中),但遇到了线性回归问题:pandas 计算的系数和截距i> 与来自 Stata 的不匹配。
调查表明,根本原因可能是从属值的值非常大。根据以下发现,我有这种怀疑:
1) 我在 Python 中创建了一个简单的 DataFrame 并用它运行线性回归:
from pandas.stats.api import ols
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [10,20,30,40,50,21], "B": [20, 30, 10, 40, 50,98], "C": [32, 234, 23, 23, 31,21], "D":[12,28,12,98,51,87], "E": [1,8,12,9,12,91]})
ols(y=df['A'], x=df[['B','C', 'D', 'E']])
LR的总结是:
-------------------------Summary of Regression Analysis-------------------------
Formula: Y ~ <B> + <C> + <D> + <E> + <intercept>
Number of Observations: 6
Number of Degrees of Freedom: 5
R-squared: 0.4627
Adj R-squared: -1.6865
Rmse: 23.9493
F-stat (4, 1): 0.2153, p-value: 0.9026
Degrees of Freedom: model 4, resid 1
-----------------------Summary of Estimated Coefficients------------------------
Variable Coef Std Err t-stat p-value CI 2.5% CI 97.5%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B 0.3212 1.1176 0.29 0.8218 -1.8693 2.5117
C -0.0488 0.1361 -0.36 0.7806 -0.3155 0.2178
D 0.1512 0.4893 0.31 0.8092 -0.8077 1.1101
E -0.4508 0.8268 -0.55 0.6822 -2.0713 1.1697
intercept 20.9222 23.6280 0.89 0.5386 -25.3887 67.2331
---------------------------------End of Summary---------------------------------
我将此DataFrame保存到Stata .dta文件中,并在Stata中运行LR:
use "/tmp/lr.dta", clear
reg A B C D E
结果是一样的:
Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 6
-------------+------------------------------ F( 4, 1) = 0.22
Model | 493.929019 4 123.482255 Prob > F = 0.9026
Residual | 573.570981 1 573.570981 R-squared = 0.4627
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = -1.6865
Total | 1067.5 5 213.5 Root MSE = 23.949
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
B | .3211939 1.117591 0.29 0.822 -13.87914 14.52153
C | -.0488429 .1360552 -0.36 0.781 -1.777589 1.679903
D | .1512067 .4892539 0.31 0.809 -6.065353 6.367766
E | -.4508122 .8267897 -0.55 0.682 -10.95617 10.05455
_cons | 20.9222 23.62799 0.89 0.539 -279.2998 321.1442
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
我在 R 中尝试过,得到了相同的结果。
2) 但是,如果我在 Python 中增加了因变量的值:
df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,21.0]})
df['B'] = pow(df['A'], 30)
df['C'] = pow(df['A'], 5)
df['D'] = pow(df['A'], 15)
df['E'] = pow(df['A'], 25)
我已确保所有列都在此处使用 float64: df.dtypes 一个float64 B浮动64 C浮点64 D 浮动64 E 浮动64 数据类型:对象
我得到的结果是:
-------------------------Summary of Regression Analysis-------------------------
Formula: Y ~ <B> + <C> + <D> + <E> + <intercept>
Number of Observations: 6
Number of Degrees of Freedom: 2
R-squared: -0.7223
Adj R-squared: -1.1528
Rmse: 21.4390
F-stat (4, 4): -1.6775, p-value: 1.0000
Degrees of Freedom: model 1, resid 4
-----------------------Summary of Estimated Coefficients------------------------
Variable Coef Std Err t-stat p-value CI 2.5% CI 97.5%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B -0.0000 0.0000 -0.00 0.9973 -0.0000 0.0000
C 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 -0.0000 0.0000
D 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 -0.0000 0.0000
E 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 0.9975 -0.0000 0.0000
intercept 0.0000 21.7485 0.00 1.0000 -42.6271 42.6271
---------------------------------End of Summary---------------------------------
但在 Stata 中,我得到了截然不同的结果:
Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 6
-------------+------------------------------ F( 4, 1) = 237.35
Model | 1066.37679 4 266.594196 Prob > F = 0.0486
Residual | 1.1232144 1 1.1232144 R-squared = 0.9989
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.9947
Total | 1067.5 5 213.5 Root MSE = 1.0598
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
B | -1.45e-45 2.32e-46 -6.24 0.101 -4.40e-45 1.50e-45
C | 2.94e-06 3.67e-07 8.01 0.079 -1.72e-06 7.61e-06
D | -3.86e-21 6.11e-22 -6.31 0.100 -1.16e-20 3.90e-21
E | 4.92e-37 7.88e-38 6.24 0.101 -5.09e-37 1.49e-36
_cons | 9.881129 1.07512 9.19 0.069 -3.779564 23.54182
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R 中的结果与 Stata 一致: lm(公式 = A ~ B + C + D + E, 数据 = stata)
Residuals:
1 2 3 4 5 6
-1.757e-01 8.211e-01 1.287e-03 -1.269e-06 1.289e-09 -6.467e-01
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 9.881e+00 1.075e+00 9.191 0.069 .
B -1.449e-45 2.322e-46 -6.238 0.101
C 2.945e-06 3.674e-07 8.015 0.079 .
D -3.855e-21 6.106e-22 -6.313 0.100
E 4.919e-37 7.879e-38 6.243 0.101
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Residual standard error: 1.06 on 1 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.9989, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9947
F-statistic: 237.3 on 4 and 1 DF, p-value: 0.04864
因此,在我看来,pandas 在这里遇到了一些问题。有人可以帮忙建议吗?
【问题讨论】:
-
仔细观察:
df['B'] = pow(df['A'], 30)将B替换为A**30。C、D、E也有类似的行,将每个变量的原始数据替换为来自A的数据,提高到各种幂。那是错字吗?您是否想要 new B = old B **30 代替?你在 stata 和 R 中使用了什么?匹配吗? -
@Paul 不,这不是错字。正如我所提到的,我将数据保存到 Python 中的 .dta 文件中,然后将它们加载到 R 和 Stata 中。所以数据匹配。
-
我使用 sklearn.linear_model.LinearRegression 代替,因为它支持规范化,结果现在匹配 R 和 Stata。
标签: python r pandas stata linear-regression