如何在 npm install 中克服这个错误？

【问题标题】：How can I ovecome this error in npm install?如何在 npm install 中克服这个错误？
【发布时间】：2021-02-10 05:04:39
【问题描述】：

你好！

我是一名初级程序员，我正在使用 node 和 discord.js 制作一个 discord 机器人。我需要一个名为canvas 的库，但它没有安装！

我在我的 Windows 电脑上编写并测试了这个应用程序，然后将它发送到我的树莓派服务器。它不起作用，所以我尝试再次删除并安装该库，但安装时出现此错误：

（我正在尝试使用此命令安装它：npm install canvas）

npm ERR! path /home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas
npm ERR! command failed
npm ERR! command sh -c node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build
npm ERR! Failed to execute '/usr/bin/node /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js configure --fallback-to-build --module=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node --module_name=canvas --module_path=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release --napi_version=7 --node_abi_napi=napi --napi_build_version=0 --node_napi_label=node-v88' (1)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp info using node-pre-gyp@0.11.0
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp info using node@15.0.1 | linux | arm
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp WARN Using needle for node-pre-gyp https download 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp info check checked for "/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node" (not found)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp http GET https://github.com/node-gfx/node-canvas-prebuilt/releases/download/v2.6.1/canvas-v2.6.1-node-v88-linux-glibc-arm.tar.gz
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp http 404 https://github.com/node-gfx/node-canvas-prebuilt/releases/download/v2.6.1/canvas-v2.6.1-node-v88-linux-glibc-arm.tar.gz
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp WARN Tried to download(404): https://github.com/node-gfx/node-canvas-prebuilt/releases/download/v2.6.1/canvas-v2.6.1-node-v88-linux-glibc-arm.tar.gz 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp WARN Pre-built binaries not found for canvas@2.6.1 and node@15.0.1 (node-v88 ABI, glibc) (falling back to source compile with node-gyp) 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp http 404 status code downloading tarball https://github.com/node-gfx/node-canvas-prebuilt/releases/download/v2.6.1/canvas-v2.6.1-node-v88-linux-glibc-arm.tar.gz 
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! gyp info using node-gyp@7.1.2
npm ERR! gyp info using node@15.0.1 | linux | arm
npm ERR! gyp info ok 
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! gyp info using node-gyp@7.1.2
npm ERR! gyp info using node@15.0.1 | linux | arm
npm ERR! gyp info find Python using Python version 3.7.3 found at "/usr/bin/python3"
npm ERR! gyp info spawn /usr/bin/python3
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args [
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/gyp_main.py',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'binding.gyp',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-f',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'make',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/config.gypi',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/addon.gypi',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/home/pi/.cache/node-gyp/15.0.1/include/node/common.gypi',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dlibrary=shared_library',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dvisibility=default',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_root_dir=/home/pi/.cache/node-gyp/15.0.1',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_gyp_dir=/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_lib_file=/home/pi/.cache/node-gyp/15.0.1/<(target_arch)/node.lib',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dmodule_root_dir=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_engine=v8',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--depth=.',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--no-parallel',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--generator-output',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'build',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Goutput_dir=.'
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args ]
npm ERR! Package pixman-1 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
npm ERR! Perhaps you should add the directory containing `pixman-1.pc'
npm ERR! to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
npm ERR! No package 'pixman-1' found
npm ERR! gyp: Call to 'pkg-config pixman-1 --libs' returned exit status 1 while in binding.gyp. while trying to load binding.gyp
npm ERR! gyp ERR! configure error 
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack Error: `gyp` failed with exit code: 1
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.onCpExit (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/lib/configure.js:351:16)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:327:20)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:277:12)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! System Linux 5.4.51-v7l+
npm ERR! gyp ERR! command "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js" "configure" "--fallback-to-build" "--module=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node" "--module_name=canvas" "--module_path=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release" "--napi_version=7" "--node_abi_napi=napi" "--napi_build_version=0" "--node_napi_label=node-v88"
npm ERR! gyp ERR! cwd /home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node -v v15.0.1
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v7.1.2
npm ERR! gyp ERR! not ok 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! build error 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack Error: Failed to execute '/usr/bin/node /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js configure --fallback-to-build --module=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node --module_name=canvas --module_path=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release --napi_version=7 --node_abi_napi=napi --napi_build_version=0 --node_napi_label=node-v88' (1)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.<anonymous> (/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/compile.js:83:29)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:327:20)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at maybeClose (node:internal/child_process:1048:16)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:288:5)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! System Linux 5.4.51-v7l+
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! command "/usr/bin/node" "/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp" "install" "--fallback-to-build"
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! cwd /home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! node -v v15.0.1
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! node-pre-gyp -v v0.11.0
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! not ok

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     /home/pi/.npm/_logs/2020-10-27T20_10_02_765Z-debug.log```

【问题讨论】：

    标签： javascript node.js linux npm raspberry-pi


    【解决方案1】：

    适用于我的 Macbook M1 Pro -> arch -arm64 brew install pkg-config cairo pango jpeg giflib librsvg

    【讨论】：

    • 正如有人已经指出的那样，问题的作者没有使用 macOS。否则，在 M1 Pro 上，确实必须重新编译所有原生 Node.js 插件，因为几乎没有人发布预构建的二进制文件——主要是因为 Github Actions 还不支持它。
    【解决方案2】：

    首先尝试安装https://github.com/Automattic/node-canvas中提到的画布二进制文件

    sudo apt-get install build-essential libcairo2-dev libpango1.0-dev libjpeg-dev libgif-dev librsvg2-dev

    然后安装画布：

    npm install canvas

    【讨论】：

      【解决方案3】：

      您是从运行npm init 开始的吗？我会假设是因为错误中提到了 node_modules 文件夹，但只是检查一下。

      您可以使用 homebrew 安装它：

      brew install pkg-config cairo pango libpng jpeg giflib librsvg

      根据此处的文档：https://github.com/Automattic/node-canvas

      【讨论】：

      • 他们没有使用 MacOS
      • 他们也没有使用 Windows
      • 您说的是 Windows，而不是 Linux！ （在点击链接并滚动了一下之后，很明显 brew 不能正确支持 ARM 处理器）
      • 是：“尽力而为”。即没有得到适当的支持。
      • 感谢您的快速回复，它并没有解决我的问题，但是今天我从头开始一个新项目，做了npm init，并安装了所有库。有效！从 Windows 过渡到 Linux 可能有些卡在不兼容中！
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