为 WordPress 优化 NGINX + PHP-FPM + MariaDB（10k 点击/天）？答案

【问题标题】：Optimizing NGINX + PHP-FPM + MariaDB for WordPress (10k hits/day)?为 WordPress 优化 NGINX + PHP-FPM + MariaDB（10k 点击/天）？
【发布时间】：2017-04-28 18:49:26
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试针对流量很大的网站优化运行 Nginx + PHP-FPM + MariaDB 的 VPN 服务器。

机器规格如下：

8GB 内存
8 个 CPU 内核
1x30GB SSD

机器使用 CENTOS 7.1

这是我的nginx.conf：

# Server globals
user                    nginx;
worker_processes        8;
error_log               /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid                     /var/run/nginx.pid;


# Worker config
events {
        worker_connections  1024;
        use                 epoll;
}


http {
    # Main settings
    sendfile                        on;
    tcp_nopush                      on;
    tcp_nodelay                     on;
    client_header_timeout           1m;
    client_body_timeout             1m;
    client_header_buffer_size       2k;
    client_body_buffer_size         256k;
    client_max_body_size            256m;
    large_client_header_buffers     4   8k;
    send_timeout                    30;
    keepalive_timeout               60 60;
    reset_timedout_connection       on;
    server_tokens                   off;
    server_name_in_redirect         off;
    server_names_hash_max_size      512;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size   512;


    # Log format
    log_format  main    '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
                        '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                        '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    log_format  bytes   '$body_bytes_sent';
    #access_log          /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    access_log off;


    # Mime settings
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;


    # Compression
    gzip                on;
    gzip_comp_level     9;
    gzip_min_length     512;
    gzip_buffers        8 64k;
    gzip_types          text/plain text/css text/javascript
                        application/x-javascript application/javascript;
    gzip_proxied        any;


    # Proxy settings
    proxy_redirect      off;
    proxy_set_header    Host            $host;
    proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP       $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_pass_header   Set-Cookie;
    proxy_connect_timeout   90;
    proxy_send_timeout  90;
    proxy_read_timeout  90;
    proxy_buffers       32 4k;


    # SSL PCI Compliance
    ssl_session_cache   shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_protocols       TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_ciphers        "ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4";


    # Error pages
    error_page          403          /error/403.html;
    error_page          404          /error/404.html;
    error_page          502 503 504  /error/50x.html;


    # Cache
    proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=2 keys_zone=cache:10m inactive=60m max_size=512m;
    proxy_temp_path  /var/cache/nginx/temp;
    proxy_cache_key "$host$request_uri $cookie_user";
    proxy_ignore_headers Expires Cache-Control;
    proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_502;
    proxy_cache_valid any 3d;

    map $http_cookie $no_cache {
        default 0;
        ~SESS 1;
        ~wordpress_logged_in 1;
    }


    # Wildcard include
    include             /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

这也是我的domainname.conf：

[domainname.tld]
listen = 127.0.0.1:9003
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1

user = admin
group = admin

pm = ondemand
pm.max_children = 70
pm.start_servers = 3
pm.min_spare_servers = 3
pm.max_spare_servers = 10

env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

这是主要的www.conf：

[www]
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
user = apache
group = apache
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 3
pm.max_spare_servers = 35

最后是my.cnf：

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0

skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 512M
max_allowed_packet = 128M
table_open_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 512M
thread_concurrency = 32


#innodb_use_native_aio = 0
innodb_file_per_table

max_connections=500
max_user_connections=250
wait_timeout=5
interactive_timeout=50
long_query_time=10

#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql-slow-queries.log


[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

该网站正在运行，很好，因为启用了缓存（页面缓存），我在重负载时关闭了一段时间的缓存，出现错误 500。

还有内存使用情况：

#free -g
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:              7           2           2           0           3           4
Swap:             0           0           0

非常感谢任何帮助，谢谢。

【问题讨论】：

欢迎来到 StackOverflow。有什么特别的问题要解决吗？您的服务器似乎工作正常。为了知道要优化什么，您需要找出瓶颈在哪里（如果有的话）。修复它，然后找到下一个瓶颈。冲洗，重复。如果您不知道如何解决特定瓶颈，您可能会发现在 serverfault.com 上获得帮助更容易。祝你好运！

标签： php wordpress caching nginx mariadb

【解决方案1】：

pm.max_children -- decrease the value unless you expect lots of really small pages

query_cache_size= 512M -- Inefficient.  No more than 50M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G  -- see below

你真的应该使用 InnoDB，而不是 MyISAM。

如果每天 1 万次点击导致每天有 8 万次数据库点击，那只是 1/秒，这是微不足道的。

【讨论】：