以编程方式向 Mac 添加/删除工作区

【问题标题】：Add/remove workspace to mac programmatically以编程方式向 Mac 添加/删除工作区
【发布时间】：2016-05-02 11:20:31
【问题描述】：

我有一个相当简单的问题。我将如何以编程方式添加/删除在任务控制中找到的工作区。我看过here 这篇关于以编程方式更改到另一个空间的帖子，我认为它可能类似于答案，使用CGSPrivate.h。我不需要担心私有框架，因为它不会在应用商店上架。

编辑：我还看到一篇关于修改 com.apple.spaces.plist 和添加工作区的帖子，但我不知道如何添加它，因为 dict 具有 UUID 和其他内容。

【问题讨论】：

  • 可以通过模拟按键和点击来添加和删除空间。你介意一些副作用，比如在任务控制中心来回闪烁吗？
  • @willeke 我不介意，目前正在研究点击哪里的算法。帮助表示赞赏

标签： macos cocoa workspace mission-control


【解决方案1】：

在任务控制中，这是 Dock 的可访问性层次结构（在我的 Mac，OS X 10.10 上）：

Role    Position    Title   Value   Description
AXList 632.000000, 1136.000000 (null) (null) (null)
    AXDockItem 636.300049, 1138.000000 Finder (null) (null)
    AXDockItem 688.300049, 1138.000000 Firefox (null) (null)
    …
    AXDockItem 1231.699951, 1138.000000 Trash (null) (null)
AXGroup 0.000000, 0.000000 (null) (null) (null)
    AXGroup 20.000000, 227.000000 (null) (null) exposéd windows
    AXList 0.000000, -2.000000 (null) (null) (null)
        AXButton 592.000000, 20.000000 Desktop 1 (null) select Desktop 1
        AXButton 864.000000, 20.000000 Desktop 2 (null) select Desktop 2
        AXButton 1136.000000, 20.000000 Desktop 3 (null) select Desktop 3
    AXButton 1824.000000, 20.000000 (null) (null) add desktop

工作区按钮的位置是移除按钮的中间。

我的测试应用：

- (AXUIElementRef)copyAXUIElementFrom:(AXUIElementRef)theContainer role:(CFStringRef)theRole atIndex:(NSInteger)theIndex {
    AXUIElementRef aResultElement = NULL;
    CFTypeRef aChildren;
    AXError anAXError = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(theContainer, kAXChildrenAttribute, &aChildren);
    if (anAXError == kAXErrorSuccess) {
        NSUInteger anIndex = -1;
        for (id anElement in (__bridge NSArray *)aChildren) {
            if (theRole) {
                CFTypeRef aRole;
                anAXError = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue((__bridge AXUIElementRef)anElement, kAXRoleAttribute, &aRole);
                if (anAXError == kAXErrorSuccess) {
                    if (CFStringCompare(aRole, theRole, 0) == kCFCompareEqualTo)
                        anIndex++;
                    CFRelease(aRole);
                }
            }
            else
                anIndex++;
            if (anIndex == theIndex) {
                aResultElement = (AXUIElementRef)CFRetain((__bridge CFTypeRef)(anElement));
                break;
            }
        }
        CFRelease(aChildren);
    }
    return aResultElement;
}

- (IBAction)addWorkspace:(id)sender {
    if (!AXIsProcessTrustedWithOptions((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)@{(__bridge NSString *)kAXTrustedCheckOptionPrompt:@YES}))
        return;
    // type control-arrow-up
    CGEventRef anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x7E, true);
    CGEventSetFlags(anEvent, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    CFRelease(anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x7E, false);
    CGEventSetFlags(anEvent, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    CFRelease(anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];

    // option down
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x3A, true);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];

    // click on the + button
    NSArray *anArray = [NSRunningApplication runningApplicationsWithBundleIdentifier:@"com.apple.dock"];
    AXUIElementRef anAXDockApp = AXUIElementCreateApplication([[anArray objectAtIndex:0] processIdentifier]);
    CFTypeRef aGroup = [self copyAXUIElementFrom:anAXDockApp role:kAXGroupRole atIndex:0];
    CFTypeRef aButton = [self copyAXUIElementFrom:aGroup role:kAXButtonRole atIndex:0];
    CFRelease(aGroup);
    if (aButton) {
        AXError anAXError = AXUIElementPerformAction(aButton, kAXPressAction); 
        CFRelease(aButton);
    }

    // option up
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x3A, false);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];

    // type escape
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x35, true);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    CFRelease(anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x35, false);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    CFRelease(anEvent);
}

- (IBAction)removeWorkspace:(id)sender {
    if (!AXIsProcessTrustedWithOptions((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)@{(__bridge NSString *)kAXTrustedCheckOptionPrompt:@YES}))
        return;
    // type control-arrow-up
    CGEventRef anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x7E, true);
    CGEventSetFlags(anEvent, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    CFRelease(anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x7E, false);
    CGEventSetFlags(anEvent, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    CFRelease(anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];

    // move mouse to the top of the screen
    CGPoint aPoint;
    aPoint.x = 10.0;
    aPoint.y = 10.0;
    anEvent = CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventMouseMoved, aPoint, 0);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    CFRelease(anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];

    // option down
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x3A, true);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];

    // option down
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x3A, true);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];

    // click at the location of the workspace
    NSArray *anArray = [NSRunningApplication runningApplicationsWithBundleIdentifier:@"com.apple.dock"];
    AXUIElementRef anAXDockApp = AXUIElementCreateApplication([[anArray objectAtIndex:0] processIdentifier]);
    CFTypeRef aGroup = [self copyAXUIElementFrom:anAXDockApp role:kAXGroupRole atIndex:0];
    CFTypeRef aList = [self copyAXUIElementFrom:aGroup role:kAXListRole atIndex:0];
    CFRelease(aGroup);
    CFTypeRef aButton = [self copyAXUIElementFrom:aList role:kAXButtonRole atIndex:1];  // index of the workspace
    CFRelease(aList);
    if (aButton) {
        CFTypeRef aPosition;
        AXError anAXError = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(aButton, kAXPositionAttribute, &aPosition);
        if (anAXError == kAXErrorSuccess) {
            AXValueGetValue(aPosition, kAXValueCGPointType, &aPoint);
            CFRelease(aPosition);

            // click
            anEvent = CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventLeftMouseDown, aPoint, kCGMouseButtonLeft);
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
            CFRelease(anEvent);
            [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];
            anEvent = CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventLeftMouseUp, aPoint, kCGMouseButtonLeft);
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
            CFRelease(anEvent);
            [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];
            CFRelease(aButton);
        }
    }

    // option up
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x3A, false);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];

    // type escape
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x35, true);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    CFRelease(anEvent);
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.05];
    anEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, 0x35, false);
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, anEvent);
    CFRelease(anEvent);
}

【讨论】：

  • 哇，好复杂。
  • 我刚刚运行了您的代码，但出现了错误。 i.imgur.com/YF6TYKo.png PS 我运行的是 OSX 10.11，如果有什么不同的话，我有一个 13 英寸的 MBP。
  • 显然 CFRelease 是用 NULL 调用的。你有回溯吗？
  • 我已将问题缩小到- (AXUIElementRef)copyAXUIElementFrom:(AXUIElementRef)theContainer role:(CFStringRef)theRole atIndex:(NSInteger)theIndex 方法。
  • 任务控制在 El Capitan 下更加动态，并且 Option Key 技巧不起作用。我喜欢挑战。
【解决方案2】：

与Willeke 类似，经过几个小时的代码，我能够完成此任务。这是我的代码，然后我将解释它对以后遇到此代码的人的作用。

In .h

My code is in AppDelegate (it is a menubar app).

@interface AppDelegate : NSObject <NSApplicationDelegate>
{
    ...  
    // Workspace mutations vars

    NSInteger workspacesToRemove; // Used in removing workspaces (as 

loop)
    }

// Define constants for sizes

#define kWORKSPACE_WIDTH 145

#define kWORKSPACE_HEIGHT 90

#define kWORKSPACE_SPACING 30

In .m

- (void)removeAllWorkspaces
{
    NSDictionary *spacesPlist = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:[NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Library/Preferences/com.apple.spaces.plist"]];

    NSDictionary *spacesDisplayConfig = [spacesPlist objectForKey:[[spacesPlist allKeys] objectAtIndex:0]];

    NSArray *spaceProperties = [spacesDisplayConfig objectForKey:@"Space Properties"];

    NSInteger numberOfWorkspaces = [spaceProperties count];

    NSLog(@"Number of workspaces: %ld", (long)numberOfWorkspaces);

    // Set counter


    workspacesToRemove = numberOfWorkspaces;

    [self openMissionControl];
}
#pragma mark Open/Close step methods

- (void)openMissionControl
{
    CGEventSourceRef src =
    CGEventSourceCreate(kCGEventSourceStateHIDSystemState);

    CGEventRef cntd = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x3B, YES);
    CGEventRef cntu = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x3B, NO);
    CGEventRef upd = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x7E, YES);
    CGEventRef upu = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x7E, NO);
    /*

    */
    CGEventSetFlags(upd, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);
    CGEventSetFlags(upu, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);

    CGEventTapLocation loc = kCGHIDEventTap; // kCGSessionEventTap also works
    CGEventPost(loc, cntd);
    CGEventPost(loc, upd);
    CGEventPost(loc, upu);
    CGEventPost(loc, cntu);

    CFRelease(cntd);
    CFRelease(cntu);

    CFRelease(upd);
    CFRelease(upu);


    [self performSelector:@selector(moveMouseToUpdateMissionControl) withObject:nil afterDelay:1];
}

- (void)moveMouseToUpdateMissionControl
{
    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventMouseMoved, CGPointMake([[NSScreen mainScreen] frame].size.width - 10, 10), kCGMouseButtonLeft));

    [self performSelector:@selector(moveMouseToCloseRightmostWorkspace) withObject:nil afterDelay:1];
}

- (void)moveMouseToCloseRightmostWorkspace
{
    NSRect workspaceRect = [self rectForWorkspaces];

    NSInteger closeX = (workspaceRect.origin.x + workspaceRect.size.width) - kWORKSPACE_WIDTH;

    CGPoint closePoint = CGPointMake(closeX, workspaceRect.origin.y);

    // Move mouse to point

    CGEventRef mouseMove = CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventMouseMoved, closePoint, kCGMouseButtonLeft);

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, mouseMove);

    CFRelease(mouseMove);

    // Click

    [self performSelector:@selector(clickMouseAtPoint:) withObject:[NSValue valueWithPoint:closePoint] afterDelay:2]; // Must be equal or greater 1.5
}

- (void)clickMouseAtPoint:(NSValue *)pointValue
{
    CGPoint clickPoint = [pointValue pointValue];

    // Click

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventLeftMouseDown, clickPoint, kCGMouseButtonLeft));

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventLeftMouseUp, clickPoint, kCGMouseButtonLeft));
    workspacesToRemove--;
    NSLog(@"%ld", (long)workspacesToRemove);
    if (workspacesToRemove > 1) {

        [self performSelector:@selector(moveMouseToCloseRightmostWorkspace) withObject:nil afterDelay:2];
    } else {

        [self performSelector:@selector(closeMissionControl) withObject:nil afterDelay:1];
    }

}

- (void)closeMissionControl
{
    CGEventSourceRef src =
    CGEventSourceCreate(kCGEventSourceStateHIDSystemState);

    CGEventRef cntd = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x3B, YES);
    CGEventRef cntu = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x3B, NO);
    CGEventRef upd = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x7E, YES);
    CGEventRef upu = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x7E, NO);

    CGEventSetFlags(upd, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);
    CGEventSetFlags(upu, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);

    CGEventTapLocation loc = kCGHIDEventTap; // kCGSessionEventTap also works
    CGEventPost(loc, cntd);
    CGEventPost(loc, upd);
    CGEventPost(loc, upu);
    CGEventPost(loc, cntu);

    CFRelease(cntd);
    CFRelease(cntu);

    CFRelease(upd);
    CFRelease(upu);
}

#pragma mark

#pragma mark Adding Workspaces

- (void)openWorkspaces:(NSInteger)numberToOpen
{
    // Open Mission control

    CGEventSourceRef src =
    CGEventSourceCreate(kCGEventSourceStateHIDSystemState);

    CGEventRef cntd = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x3B, YES);
    CGEventRef cntu = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x3B, NO);
    CGEventRef upd = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x7E, YES);
    CGEventRef upu = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(src, 0x7E, NO);
    /*

     */
    CGEventSetFlags(upd, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);
    CGEventSetFlags(upu, kCGEventFlagMaskControl);

    CGEventTapLocation loc = kCGHIDEventTap; // kCGSessionEventTap also works
    CGEventPost(loc, cntd);
    CGEventPost(loc, upd);
    CGEventPost(loc, upu);
    CGEventPost(loc, cntu);

    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];

    // Move mouse to point

    CGEventRef mouseMove = CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventMouseMoved, CGPointMake([[NSScreen mainScreen] frame].size.width - 10, 10), kCGMouseButtonLeft);

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, mouseMove);

    CFRelease(mouseMove);

    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < numberToOpen; i++) {

        // Add as many times as needed

        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventLeftMouseDown, CGPointMake([[NSScreen mainScreen] frame].size.width - 10, 10), kCGMouseButtonLeft));

        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateMouseEvent(NULL, kCGEventLeftMouseUp, CGPointMake([[NSScreen mainScreen] frame].size.width - 10, 10), kCGMouseButtonLeft));

        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];

    }

    CGEventPost(loc, cntd);
    CGEventPost(loc, upd);
    CGEventPost(loc, upu);
    CGEventPost(loc, cntu);

    CFRelease(cntd);
    CFRelease(cntu);

    CFRelease(upd);
    CFRelease(upu);
}

- (NSRect)rectForWorkspaces
{
    NSDictionary *spacesPlist = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:[NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Library/Preferences/com.apple.spaces.plist"]];

    NSDictionary *spacesDisplayConfig = [spacesPlist objectForKey:[[spacesPlist allKeys] objectAtIndex:0]];

    NSArray *spaceProperties = [spacesDisplayConfig objectForKey:@"Space Properties"];

    NSInteger numberOfWorkspaces = [spaceProperties count];

    NSInteger totalSpacing = (numberOfWorkspaces - 1) * kWORKSPACE_SPACING;

    NSInteger totalLengthOfWorkspaces = numberOfWorkspaces * kWORKSPACE_WIDTH;

    NSInteger totalRectWidth = totalSpacing + totalLengthOfWorkspaces;

    NSRect workspaceRect = NSMakeRect(0, 0, totalRectWidth, kWORKSPACE_HEIGHT);

    // Calculate center x or screen

    NSInteger screenCenter = [[NSScreen mainScreen] frame].size.width / 2;

    workspaceRect.origin.x = screenCenter - (workspaceRect.size.width / 2);

    workspaceRect.origin.y = kWORKSPACE_SPACING;

    return workspaceRect;
}

现在让我们逐步了解代码

对于删除工作区，第一种方法removeAllWorkspaces 是起点。

此代码从com.apple.spaces.plist 文件中获取打开的工作区数量，然后设置变量workspacesToRemove。这个变量对于循环很重要，因为当有方法链（我称之为方法链）时很难执行for-loop。

接下来，我通过CGEvents 调用一个方法来打开任务控制。然后我将鼠标移动到屏幕的上角，以确保工作区图标正确居中。

接下来，代码使用rectForWorkspaces 方法确定最右侧工作区的关闭按钮的位置。

这是一个非常简单的方法，但它是发生的主要部分。

它计算了工作区在任务控制中的位置的矩形。这是一个表示它计算的图像：

然后我将这个矩形减去 145（工作区图标宽度），然后在它弹出时单击关闭按钮。

这部分循环直到所有工作区（除了 1）都关闭。

FWI：它被分成许多方法的原因是我可以循环回一个特定的方法并在延迟后执行这些方法而不会阻塞线程。

耶复杂的结束了！

添加工作区要容易得多。

这只是一种方法（openWorkspaces:(NSInteger)numberToOpen），它打开任务控制，将鼠标移动到某个位置，然后单击多次，直到添加所有工作空间。很简单。

【讨论】：

    【解决方案3】：

    我能找到的最接近您的解决方案是通过苹果脚本实现这一点 - 请参阅以下链接中的ѺȐeallү的答案：

    How can I programmatically add a space to mission control?

    【讨论】：

    • 我不觉得这样删除工作区会很容易
    • 同意。就像我说的，我能想到的最接近的，认识到这不是你想要的
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