如何将文件中的文本插入到新的 XML 标记中

Question

我有以下代码尝试解析 XML 文件，以便它从外部文本文件（如果找到）读取并将其内容插入到新引入的标签中，并使用结果操作保存一个新的 XML 文件。

代码如下：

try:
    import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
    import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import os

# define our data file
data_file = 'test2_of_2016-09-19.xml'

tree = ET.ElementTree(file=data_file)
root = tree.getroot()

for element in root:
    if element.find('File_directory') is not None:
        directory = element.find('File_directory').text
    if element.find('Introduction') is not None:
        introduction = element.find('Introduction').text
    if element.find('Directions') is not None:
        directions = element.find('Directions').text

for element in root:
    if element.find('File_directory') is not None:
        if element.find('Introduction') is not None:
            intro_tree = directory+introduction
            with open(intro_tree, 'r') as f:
                intro_text = f.read()
            f.closed
            intro_body = ET.SubElement(element,'Introduction_Body')
            intro_body.text = intro_text
        if element.find('Directions') is not None:
            directions_tree = directory+directions
            with open(directions_tree, 'r') as f:
                directions_text = f.read()
            f.closed
            directions_body = ET.SubElement(element,'Directions_Body')
            directions_body.text = directions_text

tree.write('new_' + data_file)

问题在于，似乎最后找到的 file_directory、introduction 和 Direction 实例被保存并分散到多个条目中，这是不希望的，因为可以说每个条目都有自己的单独记录。

源 XML 文件如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<Root xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>1</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Bridalveil Fall</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-bridalveil-fall.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-bridalveil-fall.html</Directions>
    </Row>
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>52</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Switzer Falls</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions>
    </Row>
</Root>

所需的输出 XML 应如下所示：

<Root xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>1</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Bridalveil Fall</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-bridalveil-fall.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-bridalveil-fall.html</Directions>
        <Introduction_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/introduction-bridalveil-fall.html</Introduction_Body>
        <Directions_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/directions-bridalveil-fall.html</Directions_Body>
    </Row>
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>52</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Switzer Falls</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions>
        <Introduction_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction_Body>
        <Directions_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions_Body>
    </Row>
</Root>

但我最终得到的是：

<Root xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>1</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Bridalveil Fall</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-bridalveil-fall.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-bridalveil-fall.html</Directions>
        <Introduction_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction_Body>
        <Directions_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions_Body>
    </Row>
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>52</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Switzer Falls</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions>
        <Introduction_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction_Body>
        <Directions_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions_Body>
    </Row>
</Root>

顺便说一句，有没有什么方法可以引入正文标签的内容而不将其全部打印在一行上（为了可读性）？

Answer 1

第一个 for 循环遍历文档的 Row 元素，分别为您的 directory、introduction 和 directions 变量分配新值，每次迭代最终得到来自最后出现的Row 元素。

我要做的是创建一个 dictionary 将标记名称映射到文本内容，然后使用该映射动态添加新的子元素。示例（不读取引用文件）：

for row in root:
    elements = {}
    for node in row:
        elements[node.tag] = node.text

    directory = elements['File_directory']

    intro_tree = directory + elements['Introduction']
    intro_body = ET.SubElement(row, 'Introduction_Body')
    intro_body.text = 'Text from %s' % intro_tree

    directions_tree = directory + elements['Directions']
    directions_body = ET.SubElement(row, 'Directions_Body')
    directions_body.text = 'Text from %s' % directions_tree