【发布时间】:2023-04-07 14:26:01
【问题描述】:
模型过拟合训练集,无法泛化到测试集。
如何将 dropout 添加到模型的特征提取器部分? (.config 文件只提供了一个键值来将 dropout 添加到框预测器)
我还可以采取哪些其他措施来最大程度地减少过度拟合?
更多详情如下:
我正在尝试在玩具动物数据集上重新训练模型检查点“ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_11_06_2017”。有 14 个类,每个类有 400-600 张图像。网络在不到 30k 的步骤中学习训练集。 Tensorboard。尽管我没有足够的经验来评估这一点,但在初始训练之后,损失似乎仍然很不稳定。
我正在通过将导出的图表应用于图像并手动检查结果来测试模型。 (我只是没有时间正确实施验证)。该模型在与训练集中在非常相似的条件下拍摄的照片上效果很好。这些糟糕的测试集图像被随机放置在训练集之外,该训练集是通过连续拍摄许多图像而相机角度略有变化而获得的。训练集还包括各种光照条件、背景、扭曲和相机位置。我估计它会在 bad test set 的大约 95% 的图像中获得正确的类和位置。由此我得出结论,该模型非常适合训练集并且可以泛化一点。
但是,该模型在使用不同相机在不同时间分别拍摄的照片上表现很差(即,该测试集和训练集之间的相关性应该要小得多)。我估计这个良好的测试集的性能大约是 25%。由此我得出结论,该模型过度拟合且无法泛化。
我尝试在 .config 文件中进行一些更改。
将特征提取器和框预测器的 l2_regularizer 权重从 0.00004 增加到 0.0001。
将框预测器
use_dropout设置为true以启用 20% 的 dropout。
我正在使用大约 3 周前从 github 克隆的 Tensorflow 1.4 pip 安装和模型。
我使用以下参数调用 object_detection 中的 train.py:
python train.py --logtostderr --train_dir=/home/X/TrainDir/Process --pipeline_config_path=/home/X/ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco.config
我的配置文件如下:
# SSD with Mobilenet v1 configuration for MSCOCO Dataset.
# Users should configure the fine_tune_checkpoint field in the train config as
# well as the label_map_path and input_path fields in the train_input_reader and
# eval_input_reader. Search for "PATH_TO_BE_CONFIGURED" to find the fields that
# should be configured.
model {
ssd {
num_classes: 14
box_coder {
faster_rcnn_box_coder {
y_scale: 10.0
x_scale: 10.0
height_scale: 5.0
width_scale: 5.0
}
}
matcher {
argmax_matcher {
matched_threshold: 0.5
unmatched_threshold: 0.5
ignore_thresholds: false
negatives_lower_than_unmatched: true
force_match_for_each_row: true
}
}
similarity_calculator {
iou_similarity {
}
}
anchor_generator {
ssd_anchor_generator {
num_layers: 6
min_scale: 0.2
max_scale: 0.95
aspect_ratios: 1.0
aspect_ratios: 2.0
aspect_ratios: 0.5
aspect_ratios: 3.0
aspect_ratios: 0.3333
}
}
image_resizer {
fixed_shape_resizer {
height: 300
width: 300
}
}
box_predictor {
convolutional_box_predictor {
min_depth: 0
max_depth: 0
num_layers_before_predictor: 0
use_dropout: true
dropout_keep_probability: 0.8
kernel_size: 1
box_code_size: 4
apply_sigmoid_to_scores: false
conv_hyperparams {
activation: RELU_6,
regularizer {
l2_regularizer {
weight: 0.0001
}
}
initializer {
truncated_normal_initializer {
stddev: 0.03
mean: 0.0
}
}
batch_norm {
train: true,
scale: true,
center: true,
decay: 0.9997,
epsilon: 0.001,
}
}
}
}
feature_extractor {
type: 'ssd_mobilenet_v1'
min_depth: 16
depth_multiplier: 1.0
conv_hyperparams {
activation: RELU_6,
regularizer {
l2_regularizer {
weight: 0.0001
}
}
initializer {
truncated_normal_initializer {
stddev: 0.03
mean: 0.0
}
}
batch_norm {
train: true,
scale: true,
center: true,
decay: 0.9997,
epsilon: 0.001,
}
}
}
loss {
classification_loss {
weighted_sigmoid {
anchorwise_output: true
}
}
localization_loss {
weighted_smooth_l1 {
anchorwise_output: true
}
}
hard_example_miner {
num_hard_examples: 3000
iou_threshold: 0.99
loss_type: CLASSIFICATION
max_negatives_per_positive: 3
min_negatives_per_image: 0
}
classification_weight: 1.0
localization_weight: 1.0
}
normalize_loss_by_num_matches: true
post_processing {
batch_non_max_suppression {
score_threshold: 1e-8
iou_threshold: 0.6
max_detections_per_class: 100
max_total_detections: 100
}
score_converter: SIGMOID
}
}
}
train_config: {
batch_size: 8
optimizer {
rms_prop_optimizer: {
learning_rate: {
exponential_decay_learning_rate {
initial_learning_rate: 0.004
decay_steps: 800720
decay_factor: 0.95
}
}
momentum_optimizer_value: 0.9
decay: 0.9
epsilon: 1.0
}
}
fine_tune_checkpoint: "/home/X/tensorflow/models/research/object_detection/ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_11_06_2017/model.ckpt"
from_detection_checkpoint: true
# Note: The below line limits the training process to 200K steps, which we
# empirically found to be sufficient enough to train the pets dataset. This
# effectively bypasses the learning rate schedule (the learning rate will
# never decay). Remove the below line to train indefinitely.
num_steps: 200000
data_augmentation_options {
random_horizontal_flip {
}
}
data_augmentation_options {
ssd_random_crop {
}
}
}
train_input_reader: {
tf_record_input_reader {
input_path: "/home/X/TrainDir/train.record"
}
label_map_path: "/home/X/TrainDir/data_label_map.pbtxt"
}
eval_config: {
num_examples: 1200
# Note: The below line limits the evaluation process to 10 evaluations.
# Remove the below line to evaluate indefinitely.
max_evals: 30
}
eval_input_reader: {
tf_record_input_reader {
input_path: "/home/X/TrainDir/test.record"
}
label_map_path: "/home/X/TrainDir/data_label_map.pbtxt"
shuffle: false
num_readers: 1
num_epochs: 1
}
【问题讨论】:
标签: python machine-learning tensorflow object-detection