用管道链接几个 Popen 命令

Question

我知道如何使用 cmd = subprocess.Popen 然后 subprocess.communicate 来运行命令。 大多数时候，我使用一个用 shlex.split 标记的字符串作为 Popen 的 'argv' 参数。 以“ls -l”为例：

import subprocess
import shlex
print subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(r'ls -l'), stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]

但是，管道似乎不起作用...例如，以下示例返回注意：

import subprocess
import shlex
print subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(r'ls -l | sed "s/a/b/g"'), stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]

你能告诉我我做错了什么吗？

谢谢

Answer 1

我想你想在这里实例化两个单独的 Popen 对象，一个用于“ls”，另一个用于“sed”。您需要将第一个 Popen 对象的 stdout 属性作为 stdin 参数传递给第二个 Popen 对象。

例子：

p1 = subprocess.Popen('ls ...', stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p2 = subprocess.Popen('sed ...', stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
print p2.communicate()

如果你有更多命令，你可以继续这样链接：

p3 = subprocess.Popen('prog', stdin=p2.stdout, ...)

有关如何使用子流程的更多信息，请参阅subprocess documentation。

Answer 2

我做了一个小函数来帮助管道，希望它有所帮助。它会根据需要链接 Popens。

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import shlex

def run(cmd):
  """Runs the given command locally and returns the output, err and exit_code."""
  if "|" in cmd:    
    cmd_parts = cmd.split('|')
  else:
    cmd_parts = []
    cmd_parts.append(cmd)
  i = 0
  p = {}
  for cmd_part in cmd_parts:
    cmd_part = cmd_part.strip()
    if i == 0:
      p[i]=Popen(shlex.split(cmd_part),stdin=None, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
    else:
      p[i]=Popen(shlex.split(cmd_part),stdin=p[i-1].stdout, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
    i = i +1
  (output, err) = p[i-1].communicate()
  exit_code = p[0].wait()

  return str(output), str(err), exit_code

output, err, exit_code = run("ls -lha /var/log | grep syslog | grep gz")

if exit_code != 0:
  print "Output:"
  print output
  print "Error:"
  print err
  # Handle error here
else:
  # Be happy :D
  print output

Answer 3

"""
Why don't you use shell

"""

def output_shell(line):

    try:
        shell_command = Popen(line, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, shell=True)
    except OSError:
        return None
    except ValueError:
        return None

    (output, err) = shell_command.communicate()
    shell_command.wait()
    if shell_command.returncode != 0:
        print "Shell command failed to execute"
        return None
    return str(output)

Answer 4

shlex只根据shell规则分割空格，不处理管道。

但是，它应该以这种方式工作：

import subprocess
import shlex

sp_ls = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(r'ls -l'), stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE)
sp_sed = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(r'sed "s/a/b/g"'), stdin = sp_ls.stdout, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE)
sp_ls.stdin.close() # makes it similiar to /dev/null
output = sp_ls.communicate()[0] # which makes you ignore any errors.
print output

根据help(subprocess)的

Replacing shell pipe line
-------------------------
output=`dmesg | grep hda`
==>
p1 = Popen(["dmesg"], stdout=PIPE)
p2 = Popen(["grep", "hda"], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE)
output = p2.communicate()[0]

HTH