我无法从 gmail 发送电子邮件

Question

我需要从我的服务器向用户发送注册码。我为此开发了一些代码。

#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <algorithm>
#include <random>
#include <curl/curl.h>

class EmailAddress 
{
public:
    EmailAddress(const char *email)
        : email_{email}
        {
        }

    EmailAddress(const std::string &email)
        : email_{email}
        {
        }

    EmailAddress(const std::string &email, const std::string &displayName)
        : email_{email.empty() ? "" : "<"+email+">"},
          name_{"\"" + displayName + "\""}
        {
        }

    std::string domain() const
        {
            return email_.substr(email_.find('@') + 1);
        }

    explicit operator const char *() const
        {
            return email_.c_str();
        }

    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const EmailAddress &email)
        {
            return out << email.name_ << " " << email.email_;
        }

private:
    std::string email_;
    std::string name_;
};

typedef std::vector<EmailAddress> EmailAddresses;
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const EmailAddresses &emailAddresses);

class Email
{
public:
    Email(const EmailAddress   &from,
          const EmailAddress   &to,
          const std::string    &subject,
          const std::string    &body,
          const EmailAddresses &cc = EmailAddresses())
        : from_{from}
        , to_{to}
        , cc_{cc.empty() ? EmailAddresses(1, to) : cc}
        , subject_{subject}
        , body_{body}
        {
        }

    CURLcode send(const std::string &url,
                  const std::string &userName, 
                  const std::string &password);

private:
    struct StringData {
            std::string msg;
            size_t bytesLeft;
            StringData(std::string &&m) : msg{m}, bytesLeft{msg.size()} {}
            StringData(std::string  &m) = delete;
        };

    static std::string dateTimeNow_();
    static size_t payloadSource_(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp);
    std::string generateMessageId_() const;
    std::string setPayloadText_();

    EmailAddress from_, to_;
    EmailAddresses cc_;
    std::string subject_, body_;
};


CURLcode Email::send(const std::string &url,
                     const std::string &userName,
                     const std::string &password)
{
    CURLcode ret = CURLE_OK;

    struct curl_slist *recipients = NULL;

    CURL *curl = curl_easy_init();

    StringData textData { setPayloadText_() };

    if (curl) {
        std::ostringstream cc;
        cc << cc_;

        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME,     userName.c_str());
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PASSWORD,     password.c_str());
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL,          url     .c_str());

        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USE_SSL,      (long)CURLUSESSL_ALL);
        //curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CAINFO,      "/path/to/certificate.pem");

        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MAIL_FROM,    (const char *)from_);
        recipients = curl_slist_append(recipients,   (const char *)to_);
        recipients = curl_slist_append(recipients,   cc.str().c_str());

        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MAIL_RCPT,    recipients);
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, payloadSource_);
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READDATA,     &textData);
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD,       1L);
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE,      1L);

        ret = curl_easy_perform(curl);

        if (ret != CURLE_OK) {
            std::cerr << "curl_easy_perform() failed: "
                      << curl_easy_strerror(ret)
                      << std::endl;
        }

        curl_slist_free_all(recipients);
        curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
    }

    return ret;
}

std::string Email::dateTimeNow_()
{
    const int RFC5322_TIME_LEN = 32;

    std::string ret;
    ret.resize(RFC5322_TIME_LEN);

    time_t tt;

#ifdef _MSC_VER
    time(&tt);
    tm *t = localtime(&tt);
#else
    tm tv, *t = &tv;
    tt = time(&tt);
    localtime_r(&tt, t);
#endif

    strftime(&ret[0], RFC5322_TIME_LEN, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", t);

    return ret;
}

inline std::string Email::generateMessageId_() const
{
    const size_t MESSAGE_ID_LEN = 37;

    tm t;
    time_t tt;
    time(&tt);

#ifdef _MSC_VER
    gmtime_s(&t, &tt);
#else
    gmtime_r(&tt, &t);
#endif

    std::string ret;
    ret.resize(MESSAGE_ID_LEN);
    size_t dateLen = std::strftime(&ret[0], MESSAGE_ID_LEN, "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", &t);

    static const std::string alphaNum {
        "0123456789"
        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" };

    std::mt19937 gen;
    std::uniform_int_distribution<> distr(0, alphaNum.length() - 1);

    std::generate_n(ret.begin() + dateLen,
                    MESSAGE_ID_LEN - dateLen,
                    [&]() { return alphaNum[distr(gen)]; });

    return ret;
}

size_t Email::payloadSource_(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
{
    StringData *text = reinterpret_cast<StringData *>(userp);

    if ((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size * nmemb) < 1) || (text->bytesLeft == 0)) {
        return 0;
    }

    if ((nmemb * size) >= text->msg.size()) {
        text->bytesLeft = 0;
        return text->msg.copy(reinterpret_cast<char *>(ptr), text->msg.size());
    }

    return 0;
}

std::string Email::setPayloadText_()
{
    std::string ret = "Date: " + dateTimeNow_() + "\r\n";

    std::ostringstream oss;
    oss << "To: "   << to_   << "\r\n"
           "From: " << from_ << "\r\n";

    if (cc_.size() > 1) {
        oss <<   "Cc: "   << cc_   << "\r\n";
    }

    ret += oss.str();

    ret +=
        "Message-ID: <" + generateMessageId_() + "@" + from_.domain() + ">\r\n"
        "Subject: " + subject_ + "\r\n"
        "\r\n" +
        body_ + "\r\n"
        "\r\n";

    return ret;
}

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const EmailAddresses &emailAddresses)
{
    if (!emailAddresses.empty()) {
        auto it = emailAddresses.begin();
        out << *it;
        while (++it != emailAddresses.end()) {
            out << "," << *it;
        }
    }

    return out;
}

如果我使用 mail.ru 服务发送电子邮件，效果很好。但是，如果我使用 gmail.com 服务，我会收到错误消息：

• 重建 URL 到：smtp://smtp.gmail.com:465/
• 正在尝试 64.233.165.109...
• 连接到 smtp.gmail.com (64.233.165.109) 端口 465 (#0)
• 响应读取失败
• 关闭连接 0 curl_easy_perform() 失败：从对端接收数据失败

Email email({ "...@gmail.com", "Name" },
              "...@gmail.com",
              "Subj",
              "Body");

email.send(   "smtp://smtp.gmail.com:465",
              "...@gmail.com",
              "Password");

我做错了什么？

Answer 1

我认为您错过了服务器Gmail的身份验证，这是外发邮件的一些配置：

外发邮件 (SMTP) 服务器

smtp.gmail.com
Requires SSL: Yes
Requires TLS: Yes (if available)
Requires Authentication: Yes
Port for SSL: 465
Port for TLS/STARTTLS: 587

还可以转到您的帐户并启用 IMAP 和 POP 并保存更改。

Answer 2

你可以使用这个库来发送邮件：http://sourceforge.net/projects/libquickmail/