【发布时间】:2017-06-10 12:26:58
【问题描述】:
我已经下载了 Caltech101。它的结构是:
#Caltech101 dir
#class1 dir
#images of class1 jpgs
#class2 dir
#images of class2 jpgs
...
#class100 dir
#images of class100 jpgs
我的问题是我无法在内存中保存两个形状为(9144, 240, 180, 3) 和(9144) 的np 数组x 和y。所以我的解决方案是过度分配一个 h5py 数据集,将它们加载到 2 个块中,然后将它们一个接一个地写入文件。准确地说:
from __future__ import print_function
import os
import glob
from scipy.misc import imread, imresize
from sklearn.utils import shuffle
import numpy as np
import h5py
from time import time
def load_chunk(images_dset, labels_dset, chunk_of_classes, counter, type_key, prev_chunk_length):
# getting images and processing
xtmp = []
ytmp = []
for label in chunk_of_classes:
img_list = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(dir_name, label, "*.jpg")))
for img in img_list:
img = imread(img, mode='RGB')
img = imresize(img, (240, 180))
xtmp.append(img)
ytmp.append(label)
print(label, 'done')
x = np.concatenate([arr[np.newaxis] for arr in xtmp])
y = np.array(ytmp, dtype=type_key)
print('x: ', type(x), np.shape(x), 'y: ', type(y), np.shape(y))
# writing to dataset
a = time()
images_dset[prev_chunk_length:prev_chunk_length+x.shape[0], :, :, :] = x
print(labels_dset.shape)
print(y.shape, y.shape[0])
print(type(y), y.dtype)
print(prev_chunk_length)
labels_dset[prev_chunk_length:prev_chunk_length+y.shape[0]] = y
b = time()
print('Chunk', counter, 'written in', b-a, 'seconds')
return prev_chunk_length+x.shape[0]
def write_to_file(remove_DS_Store):
if os.path.isfile('caltech101.h5'):
print('File exists already')
return
else:
# the name of each dir is the name of a class
classes = os.listdir(dir_name)
if remove_DS_Store:
classes.pop(0) # removes .DS_Store - may not be used on other terminals
# need the dtype of y in order to initialize h5 dataset
s = ''
key_type_y = s.join(['S', str(len(max(classes, key=len)))])
classes = np.array(classes, dtype=key_type_y)
# number of chunks in which the dataset must be divided
nb_chunks = 2
nb_chunks_loaded = 0
prev_chunk_length = 0
# open file and allocating a dataset
f = h5py.File('caltech101.h5', 'a')
imgs = f.create_dataset('images', shape=(9144, 240, 180, 3), dtype='uint8')
labels = f.create_dataset('labels', shape=(9144,), dtype=key_type_y)
for class_sublist in np.array_split(classes, nb_chunks):
# loading chunk by chunk in a function to avoid memory overhead
prev_chunk_length = load_chunk(imgs, labels, class_sublist, nb_chunks_loaded, key_type_y, prev_chunk_length)
nb_chunks_loaded += 1
f.close()
print('Images and labels saved to \'caltech101.h5\'')
return
dir_name = '../Datasets/Caltech101'
write_to_file(remove_DS_Store=True)
这很好用,而且阅读速度也足够快。问题是我需要对数据集进行洗牌。
观察:
洗牌数据集对象:显然非常慢,因为它们在磁盘上。
创建一个随机索引数组并使用高级 numpy 索引。这意味着从文件中读取速度较慢。
在写入文件之前洗牌会很好,问题:我每次只有大约一半的数据集在内存中。我会得到不正确的洗牌。
你能想出一种在写作前洗牌的方法吗?我也愿意重新考虑编写过程的解决方案,只要它不使用大量内存。
【问题讨论】: