类中的 Python 函数递归

Question

我做了下面的课程。

class Message:

    def __init__(self, message):
        self.message = message
        self.__dict__.update(message)

    def dict_value_finder(self, field, partial_match=False):
        """It Takes a dict with nested lists and dicts,
        and searches all dicts for a key of the field
        provided and return the value(s) as a list.
        set partial_match = True to get partial matches.
        """
        fields_found = []

        for key, value in self.message.items():

            if field in key if partial_match else field == key:
                fields_found.append(value)
                print(key, value)

            elif isinstance(value, dict):
                results = dict_value_finder(value, field, partial_match)
                fields_found.extend(results)

            elif isinstance(value, list):
                for item in value:
                    if isinstance(item, dict):
                        more_results = dict_value_finder(item, field,
                                                         partial_match)
                        fields_found.extend(more_results)

        return fields_found

函数 dict_value_finder 可以在类之外工作，如下所示：

def dict_value_finder(search_dict, field, partial_match=False):
    """Takes a dict with nested lists and dicts,
    and searches all dicts for a key of the field
    provided and return the value(s) as a list.
    set partial_match = True to get partial matches.
    """
    fields_found = []

    for key, value in search_dict.items():

        if field in key if partial_match else field == key:
            fields_found.append(value)
            print(key, value)

        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            results = dict_value_finder(value, field, partial_match)
            fields_found.extend(results)

        elif isinstance(value, list):
            for item in value:
                if isinstance(item, dict):
                    more_results = dict_value_finder(item, field,
                                                     partial_match)
                    fields_found.extend(more_results)

    return fields_found

但是当我把它放在类中时，我得到了错误：

  File "<ipython-input-42-76ab838299bc>", line 23, in dict_value_finder
    results = dict_value_finder(value, field, partial_match)

NameError: name 'dict_value_finder' is not defined

我不确定如何将此函数添加到需要递归的类中。

Answer 1

将results = dict_value_finder(value, field, partial_match) 更改为：

results = self.dict_value_finder(value, field, partial_match)

和more_results = dict_value_finder(item, field,partial_match) 到：

more_results = self.dict_value_finder(item, field,partial_match)

为了访问类实例的属性，我们应该使用self。

为了解决cmets中的问题：

def dict_value_finder(self, field, partial_match=False, search=None):

    fields_found = []

    search =  search or self.message

    for key, value in search.items():

        if field in key if partial_match else field == key:
            fields_found.append(value)
            print(key, value)

        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            results = self.dict_value_finder(field, partial_match, value)
            fields_found.extend(results)

        elif isinstance(value, list):
            for item in value:
                if isinstance(item, dict):
                    more_results = self.dict_value_finder(field,partial_match, item)
                    fields_found.extend(more_results)

    return fields_found