使用 R 进行布朗运动模拟

Question

模拟时间倒置[0,100]中的布朗运动，并通过模拟n = 1000个点绘制路径。我生成以下代码：

 n <- 1000
 t <- 100
 bm <- c(0, cumsum(rnorm(n,0,sqrt(t/n))))
 steps <- seq(0,t,length=n+1)
 plot(steps,bm,type="l")

如何模拟标准布朗运动的 50 条样本路径，并以不同的颜色显示每条路径，就像一堆轨迹一样？

我认为它会类似于replicate(50,bm)，但是当我这样做时，xy.coords 中会出现错误。 感谢您的帮助！

在[0,1]上模拟布朗桥，通过模拟n = 1000个点绘制路径。我生成以下代码

n <- 1000
t <- seq(0,1,length=n)
No.Ex<-10
bm <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n-1,0,1)))/sqrt(n)
B = replicate(No.Ex,{
  bb <- bm - t*bm[n]
})
matplot(B, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1)

生成几何布朗运动样本路径的代码

simGBM<- function(P0, mu, sigma, T, nSteps, nRepl){
  dt<- T/nSteps
  muT<- (mu-sigma^2/2)*dt
  sigmaT<- sqrt(dt)*sigma
  pathMatrix<- matrix(nrow = nRepl, ncol = nSteps+1)
  pathMatrix[,1]<- P0
  for(i in 1:nRepl){
    for(j in 2:(nSteps+1)){
      pathMatrix[i,j]<- pathMatrix[i,j-1]*exp(rnorm(1, muT, sigmaT))
    }
  }
  return(pathMatrix)
}

P0<- 1 #initial price
mu<- 0.1 #drift
sigma<- 0.5 #volatility
T<- 100/360 #100 days of a commercial year
nSteps<- 50 #No of steps
nRepl<- 100 #No of replications

paths<- simGBM(P0, mu, sigma, T, nSteps, nRepl)
yBounds<- c(min(paths),max(paths)) #bounds of simulated prices

plot(paths[1,], ylim = yBounds, type = 'l',col = 1, main = "Simulation of sample paths of GBM", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Price")
for(k in 2:numRepl) lines(paths[k,], col = k)

我正在尝试使用 matplot 函数，但无法生成相同的图表

cols = rainbow(nSteps)
matplot(paths, ylim = yBounds, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1, main = "Simulation of sample paths of GBM", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Price")

Answer 1

这个怎么样

n = 1000
t = 100
No.Ex = 10
steps = seq(0,t,length=n+1)
A = replicate(No.Ex, {
  bm <- c(0, cumsum(rnorm(n,0,sqrt(t/n))))
}) 

cols = rainbow(No.Ex)
matplot(A, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1)

我修改了我的答案并采纳了 Stephane Laurent 的 matplot 建议。这给出了以下图像。

编辑：

为了在 cmets 中回答您的问题，我认为您应该保留我的 bm 的初始代码，即 bm <- c(0, cumsum(rnorm(n,0,sqrt(t/n))))。然后一切都很好！感谢您指出好的matplot 命令@Stephane Laurent。

EDIT2：我刚刚意识到您就布朗桥提出了一个新问题。你可以试试这段代码

n <- 1000
t <- seq(0,1,length=n)
No.Ex<-10
B = replicate(No.Ex,{
  bm <- c(0, cumsum(rnorm(n - 1,0,sqrt(t/n))))
  bb <- bm - t*rep(bm[length(bm)], length.out = length(bm))
})
matplot(B, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1)

这会产生

此外，对于 Geometric Brownian Motian，请尝试以更少的重复次数修改您的代码

simGBM<- function(P0, mu, sigma, T, nSteps, nRepl){
  dt<- T/nSteps
  muT<- (mu-sigma^2/2)*dt
  sigmaT<- sqrt(dt)*sigma
  pathMatrix<- matrix(nrow = nRepl, ncol = nSteps+1)
  pathMatrix[,1]<- P0
  for(i in 1:nRepl){
    for(j in 2:(nSteps+1)){
      pathMatrix[i,j]<- pathMatrix[i,j-1]*exp(rnorm(1, muT, sigmaT))
    }
  }
  return(pathMatrix)
}

P0<- 1 #initial price
mu<- 0.1 #drift
sigma<- 0.5 #volatility
T<- 100/360 #100 days of a commercial year
nSteps<- 50 #No of steps
nRepl<- 10 #No of replications

paths<- simGBM(P0, mu, sigma, T, nSteps, nRepl)
yBounds<- c(min(paths),max(paths)) #bounds of simulated prices

plot(paths[1,], ylim = yBounds, type = 'l',col = 1, main = "Simulation of sample paths of GBM", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Price")
for(k in 2:nRepl) lines(paths[k,], col = k)

cols = rainbow(nSteps)
matplot(paths, ylim = yBounds, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1, main = "Simulation of sample paths of GBM", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Price")

在我的机器上，这会产生