如何使用 SQL 创建两个总计行 - 总计和平均值

Question

我需要创建两行包含总计，而不是典型的总计行。总计和平均值。

我正在使用基本 SQL 创建报告，并且正在使用 Oracle 数据库，但我没有使用任何 PL/SQL。

我目前正在使用 Group By Grouping Sets 来生成报告，其中一行是包含总计的行。这些总计目前正在使用 SUM(column) 生成，使用聚合和分析函数的组合来生成我的一行总计。我需要的是在同一数据集上产生总计的另一行。实现这一目标的最佳方法是什么？当我说得最好时，我正在考虑我的数据库上的负载，因为此报告将针对大量数据运行。我的示例非常基本，但可以理解重点。

以下是一些使用 Group By Grouping Sets 生成总计总计的示例数据。缺少的是我想要生成平均值的总计下方的另一行。

WITH sample_data AS
(
  SELECT 1 AS client_key, 'NASA'   AS client, 8 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 105585 AS REVENUE FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 2 AS client_key, 'Origin' AS client, 3 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 36581  AS REVENUE FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 3 AS client_key, 'SpaceX' AS client, 7 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 83851  AS REVENUE FROM DUAL
)

SELECT sd.client_key
  , CASE WHEN grouping(sd.client) = 0 THEN to_char(sd.client) ELSE 'Grand Totals -->' END AS client
  , SUM(sd.spaceships_sold) AS spaceships_sold
  , SUM(sd.revenue)         AS revenue
FROM sample_data sd
GROUP BY 
  GROUPING SETS (
                  (sd.client_key, sd.client),
                  ()
                )
;

我正在寻找的示例图片。

以下是我对如何获得这个额外的总计行的想法，但不确定我是否应该这样做才能获得这个。似乎令人费解，我一直认为这应该是分组集的现有功能。在下面的方法中，我使用 CTE 和 UNION ALL 在我的数据集底部获取额外的平均总计，如下面的屏幕截图所示。

上面截图中的 SQL。

WITH sample_data AS
(
  SELECT 1 AS client_key, 'NASA'   AS client, 8 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 105585 AS REVENUE FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 2 AS client_key, 'Origin' AS client, 3 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 36581  AS REVENUE FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 3 AS client_key, 'SpaceX' AS client, 7 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 83851  AS REVENUE FROM DUAL
)

, data_Sum_totals AS
(
  SELECT sd.client_key
    , CASE WHEN grouping(sd.client) = 0 THEN to_char(sd.client) ELSE 'Grand Totals -->' END AS client
    , SUM(sd.spaceships_sold) AS spaceships_sold
    , SUM(sd.revenue)         AS revenue
  FROM sample_data sd
  GROUP BY 
    GROUPING SETS (
                    (sd.client_key, sd.client),
                    ()
                  )
)

, data_Avg_totals AS
(
  SELECT grouping(sd.client_key) AS row_group
    , sd.client_key
    , CASE WHEN grouping(sd.client) = 0 THEN to_char(sd.client) ELSE 'AVG Totals -->' END AS client
    , AVG(sd.spaceships_sold) AS spaceships_sold
    , AVG(sd.revenue)         AS revenue
  FROM sample_data sd
  GROUP BY 
    GROUPING SETS (
                    (sd.client_key, sd.client),
                    ()
                  )
  HAVING grouping(sd.client_key) = 1 /* This line restricts the output to only give me the Totals row */
)

SELECT client_key, client, spaceships_sold, revenue
FROM data_Sum_totals
  UNION ALL
SELECT client_key, client, spaceships_sold, revenue
FROM data_Avg_totals
;

Answer 1

CTE 是窗口函数，因此它们无法达到您的预期。对于这个问题，我认为您有一个好主意，但可能只使用几个临时表来存放特定数据，然后最后将所有内容联合起来。

这是我想出的查询：

-- Clear out temporary tables
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#SampleData') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #SampleData
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#TotTable') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #TotTable
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#AvgTable') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #AvgTable

-- Create
DECLARE @_tot INT
DECLARE @_avg NUMERIC(18,2)
DECLARE @client_count INT

-- Sample Data
CREATE TABLE #SampleData (
    [CLIENT_KEY] INT,
    [CLIENT] NVARCHAR(10),
    [SPACESHIPS_SOLD] VARCHAR(10),
    [REVENUE] VARCHAR(25)
)

INSERT INTO #SampleData
VALUES (1,'NASA','8','105585'),
        (2,'Origin','3','36581'),
        (3,'SpaceX','7','83851')


-- Get our total numbers
SELECT 'Grand Totals' AS [Name],
SUM(CONVERT(INT, [REVENUE])) AS [Total_Rev],
SUM(CONVERT(INT, [SPACESHIPS_SOLD])) AS [Ships_Sold] 
INTO #TotTable
FROM #SampleData

-- Get our average numbers
SET @client_count = (SELECT COUNT([CLIENT]) FROM #SampleData)
SELECT 'AVG Totals' AS [Name],
SUM(CONVERT(INT, [REVENUE])) / COUNT(*) AS [Avg_Rev],
SUM(CONVERT(INT, [SPACESHIPS_SOLD])) / @client_count AS [Avg_Sold]
INTO #AvgTable
FROM #SampleData

-- Union it all together
SELECT
    [CLIENT_KEY],
    [CLIENT],
    [SPACESHIPS_SOLD],
    [REVENUE]
FROM #SampleData
UNION ALL
SELECT
    NULL AS [CLIENT_KEY],
    [Name] AS [CLIENT],
    [Ships_Sold]  [SPACESHIPS_SOLD],
    [Total_Rev] AS [REVENUE]
FROM #TotTable
UNION ALL
SELECT
    NULL AS [CLIENT_KEY],
    [Name] AS [CLIENT],
    [Avg_Sold]  [SPACESHIPS_SOLD],
    [Avg_Rev] AS [REVENUE]
FROM #AvgTable

--Clear out tables (not necessary, but nice to do)
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#SampleData') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #SampleData
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#TotTable') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #TotTable
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#AvgTable') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #AvgTable

Answer 2

你指出：

我一直认为这应该是 Grouping 的现有功能 套装。在下面的方法中，我使用 CTE 和 UNION ALL 来获取 在我的数据集底部有额外的平均总数，如在中所示 截图如下

以及如何定义[grouping-sets] 标签：

GROUPING SETS 运算符是GROUP BY 子句的扩展。它 可以生成与使用 UNION ALL 组合时相同的结果集 单个分组查询；但是，使用 GROUPING SETS 运算符是 通常更高效。

因此，你有这么好的方法。

我认为使用GROUPING_ID 最适合您的情况，如以下 SQL 语句：

SELECT client_key, 
       CASE WHEN flag = 3 THEN 'AVG Totals -.->' 
            WHEN flag = 2 THEN 'Grand Totals -.->'
            ELSE client 
        END AS client , 
       SUM(spaceships_sold)/ DECODE(flag,3,3,1) AS spaceships_sold, 
       SUM(revenue)/ DECODE(flag,3,3,1) AS revenue
  FROM
  (
    WITH sample_data AS
    (
     SELECT 1 AS client_key, 'NASA'   AS client, 8 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 105585 AS REVENUE FROM DUAL 
     UNION ALL
     SELECT 2 AS client_key, 'Origin' AS client, 3 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 36581  AS REVENUE FROM DUAL 
     UNION ALL
     SELECT 3 AS client_key, 'SpaceX' AS client, 7 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 83851  AS REVENUE FROM DUAL
     )
      SELECT sd.client_key, 
             nvl2(sd.client_key,client,null) AS client
           , SUM(sd.spaceships_sold) AS spaceships_sold
           , SUM(sd.revenue)         AS revenue
           , GROUPING_ID(sd.client_key, sd.client) AS flag
        FROM sample_data sd
       GROUP BY 
      GROUPING SETS (
                      (sd.client_key, sd.client),
                       (sd.client),()
                      )
    )    
  GROUP BY client_key, flag, client
  ORDER BY client_key, revenue desc;



  CLIENT_KEY    CLIENT           SPACESHIPS_SOLD    REVENUE
  -----------   ---------------- ---------------   --------
       1        NASA                   8             105585
       2        Origin                 3              36581
       3        SpaceX                 7              83851
      NULL      Grand Totals -.->     18             226017
      NULL      AVG Totals -.->        6              75339

Rextester Demo

更新到 SQL 以处理任何数量或记录的客户端

SELECT client_key, 
     CASE WHEN flag = 3 THEN 'AVG Totals -->' 
          WHEN flag = 2 THEN 'Grand Totals -->'
          ELSE client 
      END AS client 
      , flag,
     SUM(spaceships_sold)/ DECODE(flag,3,tot_clients,1) AS spaceships_sold, 
     SUM(revenue)/ DECODE(flag,3,tot_clients,1) AS revenue
FROM
(
  WITH sample_data AS
  (
     SELECT 1 AS client_key, 'NASA'   AS client, 8  AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 105585  AS REVENUE FROM DUAL 
     UNION ALL
     SELECT 2 AS client_key, 'Origin' AS client, 3  AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 36581   AS REVENUE FROM DUAL 
     UNION ALL
     SELECT 3 AS client_key, 'SpaceX' AS client, 7  AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 83851   AS REVENUE FROM DUAL
     UNION ALL
     SELECT 4 AS client_key, 'Comp'   AS client, 4  AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 95823   AS REVENUE FROM DUAL
     UNION ALL
     SELECT 4 AS client_key, 'CNSA'   AS client, 11 AS SPACESHIPS_SOLD, 135851  AS REVENUE FROM DUAL
   )
    SELECT sd.client_key, 
           nvl2(sd.client_key,client,null) AS client
         , SUM(sd.spaceships_sold) AS spaceships_sold
         , SUM(sd.revenue)         AS revenue
         , COUNT(sd.client_key)    AS tot_clients
         , GROUPING_ID(sd.client_key, sd.client) AS flag
      FROM sample_data sd
     GROUP BY 
    GROUPING SETS (
                    (sd.client_key, sd.client),
                     (sd.client),()
                    )
  )    
GROUP BY client_key, flag, client, tot_clients
ORDER BY client_key, revenue desc
;