下面是一个简单的例子，说明我如何只用 mpmath 进行三重集成。这并没有解决四个集成的高精度问题。无论如何，执行时间是一个更大的问题。欢迎任何帮助。
from datetime import datetime
import scipy
import numpy as np
from mpmath import *
from mpmath import mp
from numpy import *
# Set the precision
mp.dps = 20#; mp.pretty = True
# Setup shortcuts, so we can just write exp() instead of mp.exp(), etc.
F = mp.mpf
exp = mp.exp
sin = mp.sin
cos = mp.cos
asin = mp.asin
acos = mp.acos
sqrt = mp.sqrt
pi = mp.pi
tan = mp.tan
start = datetime.now()
print('start: ',start)
def f3():
def f2(x):
def f1(x,y):
def f(x,y,z):
return 1.0 + x*y + y**2.0 + 3.0*z
return quadgl(f, [-1.0, 1], [1.2*x, 1.0], [y/4, x**2.0])
return quadgl(f1, [-1, 1.0], [1.2*x, 1.0])
return quadgl(f2, [-1.0, 1.0])
print('result =', f3())
end = datetime.now()
print('duration in mins:',end-start)
#start: 2020-08-19 17:05:06.984375
#result = 5.0122222222222221749
#duration: 0:01:35.275956
此外，即使使用最简单的函数，尝试将一个（第一个）scipy 积分和一个三重 mpmath 积分器组合起来似乎也不会产生超过 24 小时的任何输出。下面的代码有什么问题？
from datetime import datetime
import scipy
import numpy as np
from mpmath import *
from mpmath import mp
from numpy import *
from scipy import integrate
# Set the precision
mp.dps = 15#; mp.pretty = True
# Setup shortcuts, so we can just write exp() instead of mp.exp(), etc.
F = mp.mpf
exp = mp.exp
sin = mp.sin
cos = mp.cos
asin = mp.asin
acos = mp.acos
sqrt = mp.sqrt
pi = mp.pi
tan = mp.tan
start = datetime.now()
print('start: ',start)
#Function to be integrated
def f(x,y,z,w):
return 1.0 + x + y + z + w
#Scipy integration:FIRST INTEGRAL
def f0(x,y,z):
return integrate.quad(f, -20, 10, args=(x,y,z), epsabs=1.49e-12, epsrel=1.4e-8)[0]
#Mpmath integrator of function f0(x,y,z): THREE OUTER INTEGRALS
def f3():
def f2(x):
def f1(x,y):
return quadgl(f0, [-1.0, 1], [-2, x], [-10, y])
return quadgl(f1, [-1, 1.0], [-2, x])
return quadgl(f2, [-1.0, 1.0])
print('result =', f3())
end = datetime.now()
print('duration:', end-start)
以下是提出原始问题的完整代码。其中包含使用scipy进行四种集成：
# Imports
from datetime import datetime
import scipy.integrate as si
import scipy
from scipy.special import jn, jn_zeros
from scipy.integrate import quad
from scipy.integrate import nquad
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.integrate import fixed_quad
from scipy.integrate import quadrature
from mpmath import mp
from numpy import *
from scipy.optimize import *
# Set the precision
mp.dps = 30
# Setup shortcuts, so we can just write exp() instead of mp.exp(), etc.
F = mp.mpf
exp = mp.exp
sin = mp.sin
cos = mp.cos
asin = mp.asin
acos = mp.acos
sqrt = mp.sqrt
pi = mp.pi
tan = mp.tan
start = datetime.now()
print(start)
R1 = F(6.37100000000000e6)
k1 = F(8.56677817058932e-8)
R2 = F(1.0)
k2 = F(5.45789437248245e-01)
r = F(12742000.0)
#Replace computed initial constants with values presuming is is faster, like below:
#a2 = R2/r
#print(a2)
a2 = F(0.0000000784806152880238581070475592529)
def u1(phi2):
return r*cos(phi2)-r*sqrt(a2**2.0-(sin(phi2))**2.0)
def u2(phi2):
return r*cos(phi2)+r*sqrt(a2**2.0-(sin(phi2))**2.0)
def om(u,phi2):
return u-r*cos(phi2)
def mp2(phi2):
return r*sin(phi2)
def a1(u):
return R1/u
optionsx={'limit':100, 'epsabs':1.49e-14, 'epsrel':1.49e-11}
optionsy={'limit':100, 'epsabs':1.49e-14, 'epsrel':1.49e-10}
#---- in direction u
def a1b1_u(x,y,u):
return 2.0*u*sqrt(a1(u)**2.0-(sin(y))**2.0)
def oa2_u(x,y,u,phi2):
return (mp2(phi2)*sin(y)*cos(x)+om(u,phi2)*cos(y)
- sqrt((mp2(phi2)*sin(y)*cos(x)+om(u,phi2)*(cos(y)))**2.0
+ R2**2.0-om(u,phi2)**2.0-mp2(phi2)**2.0))
def ob2_u(x,y,u,phi2):
return (mp2(phi2)*sin(y)*cos(x)+om(u,phi2)*cos(y)
+ sqrt((mp2(phi2)*sin(y)*cos(x)+om(u,phi2)*(cos(y)))**2.0
+ R2**2.0-om(u,phi2)**2.0-mp2(phi2)**2.0))
def func1_u(x,y,u,phi2):
return (-exp(-k1*a1b1_u(x,y,u)-k2*ob2_u(x,y,u,phi2))+exp(+k2*oa2_u(x,y,u,phi2)))*sin(y)*cos(y)
#--------joint_coaxial integration: u1
def fg_u1(u,phi2):
return nquad(func1_u, [[-pi, pi], [0, asin(a1(u))]], args=(u,phi2), opts=[optionsx,optionsy])[0]
#Constants to be used for normalization at the end or in the interim inegrals if this helps adjust values for speed of execution
piA1 = pi*(R1**2.0-1.0/(2.0*k1**2.0)+exp(-2.0*k1*R1)*(2.0*k1*R1+1.0)/(2.0*k1**2.0))
piA2 = pi*(R2**2.0-1.0/(2.0*k2**2.0)+exp(-2.0*k2*R2)*(2.0*k2*R2+1.0)/(2.0*k2**2.0))
#----THIRD integral of u1
def third_u1(u,phi2):
return fg_u1(u,phi2)*u**2.0
def third_u1_I(phi2):
return quad(third_u1, u1(phi2), u2(phi2), args = (phi2), epsabs=1.49e-20, epsrel=1.49e-09)[0]
#----FOURTH integral of u1
def fourth_u1(phi2):
return third_u1_I(phi2)*sin(phi2)*cos(phi2)
def force_u1():
return quad(fourth_u1, 0.0, asin(a2), args = (), epsabs=1.49e-20, epsrel=1.49e-08)[0]
force_u1 = force_u1()*r**2.0*2.0*pi*k2/piA1/piA2
print('r = ', r, 'force_u1 =', force_u1)
end = datetime.now()
print(end)
args = {
'p':r,
'q':force_u1,
'r':start,
's':end
}
#to txt file
f=open('Sphere-test-force-u-joint.txt', 'a')
f.write('\n{p},{q},{r},{s}'.format(**args))
#f.flush()
f.close()
我有兴趣将 epsrel 设置得足够低，具体取决于具体情况。 epsabs 通常是先验未知的，因此我知道我应该将其设置得很低以避免它占用输出，在这种情况下它会引入计算工件。当我降低它时，会发出错误警告，指出舍入误差很大，并且可能会低估总误差以达到所需的容差。