https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/428706142
ethereum.org/en/dao/ 本来我就是想读的，但以太坊官网这部分还没有汉化，感觉这不合适啊，我就认真一点，翻译了。以太坊官网也有翻译协助入口，但我搞了半天也搞明白怎么把翻译上传上去，不是程序员太苦了。
Decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs)
去中心化自治组织（DAOs）
- Member-owned communities without centralized leadership.
- 成员共同拥有社区本身，而不需要一个中心化的领导关系。
- A safe way to collaborate with internet strangers.
- 一种安全的让互联网上陌生人进行协作的方式。
- A safe place to commit funds to a specific cause.
- 一种安全的为特定项目管理资金的方式
What are DAOs?
什么是DAOs？
DAOs are an effective and safe way to work with like-minded folks around the globe.
DAOs是一个有效并且安全的与分布在全球各地的志同道合的人共同工作的一种方式。
Think of them like an internet-native business that's collectively owned and managed by its members. They have built-in treasuries that no one has the authority to access without the approval of the group. Decisions are governed by proposals and voting to ensure everyone in the organisation has a voice.
想象这么一个场景，一个原生互联网项目，项目由成员集体所有并共同管理。项目内置了一个国库，任何个人都无法挪用其中的资金，除非得到集体投票的批准。项目决策使用提案和投票来管理，以确保组织中的很一个人都有发言权。
There's no CEO who can authorise spending based on their own whims and no chance of a dodgy CFO manipulating the books. Everything is out in the open and the rules around spending are baked into the DAO via its code.
组织中没有可以胡作非为的CEO，也不存在可以操作账本的CFO。一切规则都是公开的，并且通过代码的方式在Dao中运行。
Why do we need DAOs?
我们为什么需要DAOs？
Starting an organisation with someone that involves funding and money requires a lot of trust in the people you're working with. But it’s hard to trust someone you’ve only ever interacted with on the internet. With DAOs you don’t need to trust anyone else in the group, just the DAO’s code, which is 100% transparent and verifiable by anyone.
和他人共同发起一个组织往往需要筹集资金，成员之间就注定免不了需要大量的信任。但在互联网上信任是很难产生，特别是那些完全在互联网上协作的成员。DAOs的精妙之间就在于你完全不需要依赖于信任关系和组织中的其他成员协作，你只需要信任代码，代码是100%透明的并且任何人都可以验证。
This opens up so many new opportunities for global collaboration and coordination.
DAOs的这种组织形式注定会让全球化的合作和协议产生很多新的机会。
DAOs vs 传统组织
| DAO | A traditional organisation 传统组织 |
| Usually flat, and fully democratized. 扁平化，完全民主 | Usually hierarchical. 一般是层级制度 |
| Voting required by members for any changes to be implemented. 组织内任何变化都需要成员投票决定 | Depending on structure, changes can be demanded from a sole party, or voting may be offered. 因为存在组织等级，特定的单一成员可能发起改变，投票也经常被操纵。 |
| Votes tallied, and outcome implemented automatically without trusted intermediary. 投票是真实有效的，投票成果会被自动执行，不需要依赖于中心化的执行机制 | If voting allowed, votes are tallied internally, and outcome of voting must be handled manually. 有些决定会通过投票产生，但投票机制和执行是分开的，投票结果必须另行安排执行 |
| Services offered are handled automatically in a decentralized manner (for example distribution of philanthropic funds). 组织提供的服务也是自动的和去中心化的（比如慈善基金的分配） | Requires human handling, or centrally controlled automation, prone to manipulation. 服务也是需要人工处理，或者由中心化控制的自动化机制处理，容易被操纵 |
| All activity is transparent and fully public. 所有活动都是公开透明 | Activity is typically private, and limited to the public. 活动往往是不公开的。 |
DAO examples
DAO的场景
To help this make more sense, here's a few examples of how you could use a DAO:
为了更易于理解，我们提供几个可能使用DAO的场景：
A charity – you can accept membership and donations from anyone in the world and the group can decide how they want to spend donations.
慈善组织：你可以发起一个管理基金的成员和捐赠资金的成员都来自全球各地，并且由所有成员共同管理如何使用这些资金的慈善组织。
A freelancer network – you could create a network of contractors who pool their funds for office spaces and software subscriptions.
自由职业联盟：你可以创建一个联盟，集中自由职业成员位的资金进行办公室租赁和共同订阅软件用。
Ventures and grants – you could create a venture fund that pools investment capital and votes on ventures to back. Repaid money could later be redistributed amongst DAO-members.
风险投资和资金库：你可以创建一个风险投资基金，汇集资金进行风险投资，和投票决策撤回风险投资。回收的钱可以在DAO成员间再分配。
DAO membership
DAO成员角色
There are different models for DAO membership. Membership can determine how voting works and other key parts of the DAO.
DAO成员也有不同的角色。成员可以共同决定如何投票，以及DAO的其他重要关键部分。
Token-based membership
基于代币入会
Usually fully permissionless, depending on the token used. Mostly these governance tokens can be traded permissionlessly on a decentralized exchange. Others must be earned through providing liquidity or some other ‘proof of work’. Either way, simply holding the token grants access to voting.
DAO通常是完全无需许可的，DAO代币可以定义许可规则。绝大多数情况下，这种治理代币是可以完全无需许可地在去中心化交易所交易。有些代则需要通过添加流动性或其他类型的POW来获得的。另外一种方式是，简单地通过持有治理代币可以获得投票权。
Typically used to govern broad decentralized protocols and/or tokens themselves.
代币通常被广泛用于治理去中心化协议和代币本身。
A famous example
一个著名的案例
MakerDAO – MakerDAO's token MKR is widely available on decentralized exchanges. So anyone can buy into having voting power on the Maker protocol's future.
MakerDAO:MakerDAO的代币KMR是在各大去中心化交易所可以交易的。任何人都可以买来以参与Maker协议的治理。
Share-based membership
基于社区权益（股份）入会
Share-based DAOs are more permissioned, but still quite open. Any prospective members can submit a proposal to join the DAO, usually offering tribute of some value in the form of tokens or work. Shares represent direct voting power and ownership. Members can exit at anytime with their proportionate share of the treasury.
Share-base DAOs有更多的许可规则，不过它们依然是很开放的。任何潜在的成员都可以递交申请加入DAO，申请通常需要体现你的某种价值，可以是持有代币或者工作技能。社区权益（股份）代表了投票权和所有权。成员股份可以随时按国库里的比例退出。
Typically used for more closer-knit, human-centric organizations like charities, worker collectives, and investment clubs. Can also govern protocols and tokens as well.
这种DAO的方式通常用于更紧密的，以人为中心的组织，比如慈善机构、工会和投资俱乐部。这种方式也一样可以管理协议和代币。
A famous example
一个著名的案例
MolochDAO – MolochDAO is focused on funding Ethereum projects. They require a proposal for membership so the group can assess whether you have the necessary expertise and capital to make informed judgments about potential grantees. You can't just buy access to the DAO on the open market.
MolochDAO：MolochDAO专注于赞助以太坊项目。想成为它的成员，你需要提供七份入会资格申请表，让现有成员评估你是否有必要的专业素养和资金以对潜在的待赞助项目提供明知的判断。你不可以通过公开市场购买代币的方式加入DAO。
How do DAOs work?
DAOs是如何工作的
The backbone of a DAO is its smart contract. The contract defines the rules of the organisation and holds the group's treasury. Once the contract is live on Ethereum, no one can change the rules except by a vote. If anyone tries to do something that's not covered by the rules and logic in the code, it will fail. And because the treasury is defined by the smart contract too that means no one can spend the money without the group's approval either. This means that DAOs don't need a central authority. Instead the group makes decisions collectively and payments are authorised automatically when votes pass.
DAO的核心是智能合约。智能合同定义了组织规则并拥有组织里的资金。一旦合同在以太坊网络上部署，就没人能够改变其规则，除非通过成员投票。任何人试图尝试执行代码中没有的规则或逻辑的事都会失败。因为国库资金也是由智能合同的代码定义的，这意味着除非经过组织的批准，任何人都无法花费里面的钱。这意味着DAO不需要中央权威。DAO组织的决策由由集体决定，DAO组织的付款由成员投票授权自动执行。
This is possible because smart contracts are tamper-proof once they go live on Ethereum. You can't just edit the code (the DAOs rules) without people noticing because everything is public.
这完全是可行的，因为智能合约一旦在以太坊部署，就不可篡改。因为代码是开源，你无法不被他人发现的情况下编辑合约代码（DAO规则）。
Ethereum and DAOs
以太坊和DAOs
Ethereum is the perfect foundation for DAOs for a number of reasons:
以太坊是DAOs的完美基础设施，理由如下：
Ethereum’s own consensus is distributed and established enough for organizations to trust the network.
以太坊的共识是去中心化的，足够为去中心化组织提供基础信任网络。
Smart contract code can’t be modified once live, even by its owners. This allows the DAO to run by the rules it was programmed with.
智能合约一旦被部署就不能被修改，哪怕是合约的所有者也不能修改。这就让DAO可以完全按其编程规则来运行。
Smart contracts can send/receive funds. Without this you'd need a trusted intermediary to manage group funds.
智能合约可以发送和接收资金。如果没有这个特性，你的组织就可能需要信赖某个中介来管理组织资金。
The Ethereum community has proven to be more collaborative than competitive, allowing for best practices and support systems to emerge quickly.
历史证明，以太坊社区更具合作性而不是相互竞争，它的发展支持最佳实现和系统快速进化。