timing belt and water pump

(2015-11-21 22:29:11)

Coolant: 要冷车时打开radiator cap, 加满,可不断捏胶皮管以排出气泡,也可拔掉胶管直接加入水箱。打火idling,直至thermostat 打开水箱风扇转,你能看到气泡冒出。再加满,盖紧radiator cap,再将coolant reservior 加至适量。

因篇幅较长单开一贴,主要以Sienna-06和GS300-05为例。两车的相关内容在分篇中也有。Toyota的正时带,厂家建议是9万迈换。有12.6万迈断的实例,水泵也有早期漏的。

1. 工具材料 http://blog.wenxuecity.com/myblog/36867/201410/29209.html 

1.1 普通工具

socket: Costco Crescent 211pc tool box,含 1/4”,3/8”,1/2”ratchet,质量凑合,长度不足,有塑料把也没法接长,不大够用。最常用的sokcet是10/12/14mm。Camshaft 17mm,轮胎19/21mm,Crankshaft 22mm。211pc除缺六角22mm crankshaft bolt套筒外都有。

1.2 补充工具

1/2 25" breaker bar, 加长用1"水管。Floor Jack, Jack stands.

Reflect mirror,flex head ratchet 1/4-3/8-1/2头的都能有帮助,但我没用到。

家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵

matric hex bit (above) 5/8/10mm (5mm只用来拆GS300 timing belt盖,但上图3/8的头子太大了够不着,8mm拆manifold,10mm拆Sienna水泵)

Torque wrench: 通常是3把,大的50-250ftlbs用于crankshaft pulley螺栓,中的30-150或30-80ftlbs常用于轮胎或机油箱螺栓,小的20-200inlbs修车手册里也有用,比如换timing belt。Sienna/GS300曲轴螺栓上紧力矩分别是162/239ftlbs,后者即便拆掉水箱空间也受限。我买了但干活时只是当ratchet用了,力矩全凭手感。水泵的gasket就是软金属片,内圈边沿涂覆gasket maker很薄,69ftLBf。Crankshaft bolt拧紧是用Ryobi P261(300ftlbs) impact wrench。

这里还有一个窍门,拆water pump pulley(4x10mm)无需开口4.25吋的channel lock plier,可用一螺丝刀借助其中两螺丝别住,另一把依次松开4个螺丝。

1.3 专用工具

Crankshaft pulley SST: http://wenku.baidu.com/view/9666fe2358fb770bf78a552a.html 

Impact Wrench的长度可能有限制,比如05 GS300拆掉水箱后的深度大概是8 7/8":http://www.clublexus.com/forums/gs-2nd-gen-1998-2005/806652-crankshaft-bolt-cannot-loose-8mm-bolt-broken.html 

bolt puller: 下图左-用来拆crankshaft带轮,必需。下图2-Torx bit E8用来拆Sienna固定水泵的两个长螺杆,但总是滑丝而非卸下。建议不用E8而用两个螺母完全套上,固定上面的拧下面的螺母来吧螺杆卸下:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeuLagTCBsw#t=12m0s 不行的话租autozone的27140 stud remover。下图3-4 - cam locking tool仅适用直列引擎,图4用建筑螺杆连接螺母似可DIY,尚未用到。

家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵

Crankshaft/Hamornic blancer holder:以下均未用到。

家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵

上图分别为universal pulley holder,pulley holdingtool,cam pulley holder和DIY的。第一个在250ftlbs上会弯,第二个与ratchet合用,第三个是cam用,第四图DIY用于crankshaft pulley。DIY工具: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY2XuD1edio#t=2m0s : http://www.cargurus.com/Cars/Discussion-t17794_ds437639 坛友类似:http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/auto/188534.html 

1.5"水管法兰(HD),加钻两孔用M8x40固定到带轮上,5x25x900mm铁条钻两孔M8x35固定到法兰上,螺丝必须拧紧。若发现螺丝帽弯曲须立即更换检查结构。我第一次没用法兰,结果M8断在其中。这时可试用: Get a chain wrench and some thick rubber tubing from the auto parts store.Slice the tubing down the middle, and slide it over the chain then zip tie the ends. ...实际上因HD铁条软,我的不成功。

1.4 材料零件

Sienna 6缸是横置引擎,thermostat在manifold下面建议与Spark plug一起换;GS300是纵置引擎,需要拆掉水箱,thermostat与水泵连体,建议同时换valve gasket。

spark plug/water pump bolt Anti-Seize: Loctite 37616 Permatex,用的人不多。

Timing belt kit 含水泵和gasket,换水泵需先换出Toyota冷却水备用,但仍需补充。

零件店: amazon,http://www.rockauto.com/  https://www.toyotapartsbarn.com/ 

2. 基本过程方法

2.1 卸crankshaft pulley大螺栓

家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵

Toyota/Lexus的曲轴带轮都是顺时钟转(Honda有逆的不能用此法)。螺栓是常用正螺纹,即逆时钟为松开。用Harbor的break bar置于GS300乘客侧大梁下面(该侧塑料挡板松开一些,有人是斜支在另一侧的地上),将引擎点火再快速熄灭。开始用flexible wrench有角度,大梁侧跳两下,试验两次不行。改用Harbor的break bar,点火时第一声是“啪”的一下,如果时间长会紧接着“嘎嘎嘎”打火声。无需断开ignirtor,只要自己注意把钥匙拧回关火就行。对于Sienna是蒋break bar置于前轮梁架下,如上图(图片车型相近)可用电线缠住防越位。我点火是开始拧到钥匙复位不超过一秒,打着后立即关火。打火方法:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7G-adEVjfWI

我的两部车,Sienna-06和GS300-05,上紧力矩分别为162/294Ftlbs,都是用点火法松开的,特别GS300空间小。厂家的卡具在北美要卖到250刀以上,

stud remover:换水泵时的两个办法:拆掉engine mount studs也即固定水泵的两个长螺栓(用E8 Trox bit);或拆掉camshaft pulleys和idle pulleys, 再拆掉防尘盖,将引擎顶起少许。第一种方法如torx head snaps off/rounds off then youll have to use a stud remover. ,它能咬着螺杆。实际上,我的GS300 05是将挡住水泵的cam底座翘起少许,之后再橡皮锤敲回;Sienna-06是第一种方法,但是该螺杆很软Torx bit很易滑丝,用了火炬加热烧去螺杆内丝锈蚀才拆下来。

下图左中:GS300/Sienna igniter,右:Rothenberger 70245 chain wrench

家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵

2.2 卸crankshaft带轮

用特殊工具里的Harbor bolt pulley,M8螺丝可多垫几个垫片。卸下后可以看见正时带(timing belt)。此前需卸下正时带盖板。

3. 过程

3.1 06 sienna

http://www.brakeandfrontend.com/toyota-lexus-timing-belt-service-on-3-3l-v6-engines/  http://www.autozone.com/repairguides/Toyota-Sienna-2000-06/Engine-Mechanical-Components/Timing-Belt-Sprockets/_/P-0996b43f80378ab6  

厂家要求拆雨刷组件没必要,但可帮助靠里的bank1 camshaft看刻度,需用镜子,最好是摄像头,外接显示器。

家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵

家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵

best: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxW4AV_OV1Y 

http://www.siennachat.com/forum/66-problems-maintenance-repair/17974-timing-belt-job.html 视频:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KO_xLBa8bg#t=4m56s  4视频:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxW4AV_OV1Y 上图最后2照片显示用17mm套筒扳手将后面camshaft固定防止其转动去,且眼看有偏移,最后照片显示镜子角度正确时标志是对准的。

3.2 05 GS300

先拆底部大片挡板放冷却液,再拆air intake前段,中段松开偏移便不档水箱。拆水箱便于操作。拆右侧PS pump带轮两长螺栓便可偏移它(转动上拔),同时拆TB中盖板右侧的5mm hex螺栓。如果换水泵可能要拆发电机两螺栓再偏移它。http://www.clublexus.com/forums/gs-2nd-gen-1998-2005/544308-2000-gs300-timing-belt-job.html#ixzz3tDJopUaW

Unless your camshaft seals are leaking (mine were not) I see no reason to remove the sprockets.  Here's a few things I learned:
1) No need to remove the radiator, just remove the fan assembly (6 bolts and three elec. connectors.
2) Go ahead and take off the alternator (2 bolts) and set it off to the side (you don't need to take off elec. connections). Also take off and set to the side the PS pump (4 bolts and 1 elec. connector). This allows access to the tensioner bolts and lower T-cover bolts that are a PITA to get to otherwise.
3) Remove crankshaft pulley bolt using Schley tool. I used two 5 ft. pieces of 1" pipe over two my 1/2" drive breaker bars plus the help of a friend.
4) The water pump O-ring appeared to be too large and did not fit at first. I had to mess with it for ~ 30 min.
Timing belt installation:
Jeff's YouTube series are helpful to watch if you haven't done so
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fiHrC7xT5o
Before I removed it, I counted the # of teeth on the old T-belt between the two camshaft timing marks (there are 16) and I made locating marks on the new belt (factory belts may have these). When I installed the new belt, I aligned it so the right most locating mark would be in its correct position on the VVTi camshaft. Starting on the right side and going around the crankshaft gear I took out as much slack as I could with the belt locating mark falling in place at the VVTi pulley mark. The belt is then positioned so the second mark is in it's place on the exhaust cam pulley and all the slack should be on the left side between the exhaust pulley and the crank. Engaging the tensioner then takes up the slack.

After the crankshaft pulley is reinstalled, rotate the crank pulley through two full revolutions to get the yellow crank timing mark back in position and confirm that the camshaft pulley marks are also still aligned correctly. Then torque the crank pulley bolt and reassemble everything else.

这个也需一看:http://my.is/forums/f221/diy-timing-belt-water-pump-348511/ 

4. 相关细节

4.1 60 degree BTDC(Before Top-dead-center)

厂家要求在卸曲轴带轮前,先做三轮三点对准,然后逆时针转约60度。有的车曲轴和气门轴齿轮上都有两个刻度:timing mark和sub timing mark,前者在气门轮上是“1”,后者是“o“;而曲轴带轮上的两个刻度都是"1"(下图)。正时的要求是后者对准壳体上方”o“,这时前者在逆时钟60度(曲轴)/30度(气门轴)对应于上止点TDC。厂家要求再将曲轴轮逆时针转60度,以防在拆掉camshaft pulley后气缸体撞上气门,而厂家手册换水泵是要拆掉camshaft pulley。实际上,拆掉套住水泵的两根长螺杆,稍撬起一点后盖即可拿下水泵。因此youtube上没人转这个角度。Sienna卸螺杆要用Torx bit E8且螺杆极易滑丝,建议先用火炬烧去锈蚀,妥善套好E8,不然可能要借助Stud remover。

厂家手册在安装timing belt前还要把角度转回来。实际上无timing belt时后/左边的CAM1轮容易顺/逆时钟转动,因为三点对齐时缸1刚好在上止点TDC,卸下正时带后它很容易掉下来。

四冲程引擎的曲轴要转两圈才完成一次点火,6缸的话每缸相差720/6=120度。曲轴转60度后所有缸是均置两侧。这才是60度的含义。我觉得这时才该卸下正时带。由于转动角度时三轮同步,不影响安装对标。

下图Lexus:

家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵

下图蓝色:TDC,橙色 60deg BTDC:http://my.is/forums/f221/diy-timing-belt-water-pump-348511/index11.html 

家用汽车维修5:换正时带和水泵

4.2 防止气门碰撞活塞

卸掉正时带后,由于CAM1是上止点且气缸内有压力,容易往两边滑落,因此卸掉火花塞不但有助于拧动曲轴,也减小内压造成气门碰撞的。虽有专用的工具把两个气门齿轮锁在一起但似乎都是直列引擎的,有人介绍用17mm(camshaft 螺栓尺寸)扳手顶在Sienna后壁上,我试了不行,后壁软还有细管在附近。

4.3 三点对准

如果新皮带无漆线,在转60度前,皮带上对准的三点要用白漆线标注,crankshaft处是虚线标记在基准点顺时钟的第7齿上和皮带上,这与厂家新带标志一致。漆标要横断皮带包括外缘,这样由带轮刻线一直连到引擎后盖标志,以减少视角误差。卸下皮带后将漆线复制到新带上。对准带轮上三点装上新带后,看三点对齐,再转两圈或4圈仍应对齐,拔出tensioner销子,等一会再转几圈仍然对齐,才算正确。直接点火并跳到3500rpm,关车后再查三点,装回其它皮带和部件完工。

三点对齐,Sienna的CAM1是齿轮外缘刻线对准后盖的V切口或刻线,CAM2是齿轮刻线对准后盖上的一个小缺口,曲轴是齿轮后的测角齿板上的圆凹点对准后壳体上的上凸起角。曲轴齿轮顺时钟约第7齿边还有一个圆凹点是对准原厂皮带上的虚线用的。原厂皮带上另外两实线是安装时对准两CAM齿轮用的。如果相差大,皮带转向再装。

看过三个网上certified Toyota技工收费的Q&A,都不大对。

4.4 错齿

由于安装timing belt时不容易拉紧,对于Sienna,有人将曲轴带轮与机壳逆时针错开2个齿,安装tensioner后(先不拔销子)将皮带略紧使得各齿对正;也有人把camshaft两轮均顺时钟错一齿,上皮带后再略紧使齿对正;至于GS300,有人将曲轴带轮与机壳逆时针错开半个齿,将排气门带轮与机壳顺时针错开半个齿。不管怎样,安装正时带时的松动部分都在tensioner附近,张紧器拔销后,稍侯等它就位,这时应没有间隙。将曲轴带轮顺时钟转两圈,三点仍对准才算好,这时再将22mm螺栓上紧。启动引擎几秒钟听声音。时间不要长因为发电机和蛇形皮带还没装呢。

事实上,换GS300时没有做这些,只是拔了一个火花塞让气压平衡便于转动曲轴。三点对准后用白漆笔在上两点和曲轴的带轮和皮带边缘标记,再标在新皮带上,装新皮带时注意三点的带轮和皮带白漆对准、且带轮都未移位即可。

换Sienna时因后部camshaft无法直接检视,引擎怠速由原650升到1200,原地转速3000立即出P0016 bank1 camshaft position,加速到30迈有抖动也出错P0300 random misfire。原装和Gates皮带有三线标识,三菱的没有,数得CAMshafts间齿数59。

A bent valve may bind in the guide and cause a tight spot. About the only real way to tell is to do a compression test, and compare the cylinder results. The actual pressure reading gives and indication of the overall condition of the engine ( wear etc ), while the difference between the individual cylinder values is most important as it can spot various problems like burnt or bent valves, bad rings, blown head gasket etc. A significantly lower reading on a single cylinder could mean a valve sealing issue ( there are a number of things that can cause a low cylinder, but we will assume the engine was in reasonable shape before the belt change ).

The factory spec.(V8 Tundra-00) is done with a warm engine, but for your purposes a cold engine is what you will have to work with ( I recommed doing the compression test before firing the engine just to ensure there are no issues). Make sure you have a fully charged battery and hold the throttle fully open while the test is done. Normal cylinder pressure is 192 PSI or higher ( 142 PSI minimum ) with a cylinder variance of 14 PSI or less ( the lower the variance the better ). If you fall within these specs you are probably fine and can procede to run the engine.

正确的方法,是在拆下就皮带前三点定准,然后在两个camshaft带轮标志处的皮带上白漆点线,在crankshaft后面齿盘标志0对应的带轮处顺时钟数出7个齿后,带轮上有凹点(见上图),在皮带上和轮上点漆。将曲轴反时钟60度,卸下正时带,将漆线拷贝到新皮带上按漆安装,顺时钟转60度观察三点对齐,再转两圈看三点是否没跑,不然据已有漆线调整。特别注意观察角度可能引起误差。如果皮带已经取下也没有基准漆线,将三轮做三点对准后同上安装,转两圈,如果bank1 cam有错齿,根据已有漆线调整。

Sienna后CAM1容易逆/顺时钟跑,度也很容易偏。数得两CAM间间隔55齿,漆线要由端面贯通上面。如果装后才发现错一个齿,可在CAM1下塞一螺丝转一圈来纠正:http://www.clublexus.com/forums/rx-2nd-gen-2004-2009/527275-after-timing-belt-change-code-p0016-check-engine-light-trac-off-and-vsc-lights-on.html 

4. 5 其它

Sienna的侧面黑盖拿下后里面有些油脂,说明cam封有些漏,下次将换。如果要换camshaft油封,在取下timing belt前需用两个17mm套筒和接长杆同时将两个camshaft螺栓拧松。换内面的seals时需拆卸power stering reservior:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c_a-ECaWSU

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