[转]Apache Linux下Apache安装步骤

Apache Linux下Apache安装步骤

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wcwnina/p/8029156.html

Apache简介

         Apache HTTP Server（简称Apache）是Apache软件基金会的一个开放源码的网页服务器，可以在大多数计算机操作系统中运行，由于其多平台和安全性被广泛使用，是最流行的Web服务器端软件之一。它快速、可靠并且可通过简单的API扩展，将Perl/Python等解释器编译到服务器中。关于更多Apache的介绍，可以参考百科“http://baike.baidu.com/view/28283.htm或官网http://www.apache.org/ 或 http://httpd.apache.org/的介绍。

 

Apache相关软件下载

  Apache的相关软件包下载地址http://apr.apache.org/projects.html。

1.   Apache HTTP Server

    截止目前为止，Apache HTTP Server 目前最新的版本是 Apache httpd 2.4.6 Released， 下载地址：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#apache24。

2.   APR and APR-Util包

    截止目前为止，APR and APR-Util的最新版本如下，下载地址：http://apr.apache.org/download.cgi

• APR 1.4.8, released June 21, 2013
• APR-util 1.5.2, released April 4, 2013
• APR-iconv 1.2.1, released November 26, 2007

3.   PCRE包

   截止目前为止，PCRE最新的包为8.33，下载地址如下

• https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/

   可以下载了相关安装包，上传到/root/kerry这个临时目录。也可以直接通过wget下载。

 

Apache安装要求

下面是官方文档的要求，必须安装APR、APR-Util、PCRE，gcc-c++等包，文档URL地址http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html。

 Requirements

The following requirements exist for building Apache httpd:

APR and APR-Util

Make sure you have APR and APR-Util already installed on your system. If you don't, or prefer to not use the system-provided versions, download the latest versions of both APR and APR-Util from Apache APR, unpack them into ./srclib/apr and ./srclib/apr-util (be sure the directory names do not have version numbers; for example, the APR distribution must be under ./srclib/apr/) and use ./configure's --with-included-apr option. On some platforms, you may have to install the corresponding -dev packages to allow httpd to build against your installed copy of APR and APR-Util.

Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions Library (PCRE)

This library is required but not longer bundled with httpd. Download the source code from http://www.pcre.org, or install a Port or Package. If your build system can't find the pcre-config script installed by the PCRE build, point to it using the --with-pcre parameter. On some platforms, you may have to install the corresponding -dev package to allow httpd to build against your installed copy of PCRE.

Disk Space

Make sure you have at least 50 MB of temporary free disk space available. After installation the server occupies approximately 10 MB of disk space. The actual disk space requirements will vary considerably based on your chosen configuration options, any third-party modules, and, of course, the size of the web site or sites that you have on the server.

ANSI-C Compiler and Build System

Make sure you have an ANSI-C compiler installed. The GNU C compiler (GCC) from the Free Software Foundation (FSF) is recommended. If you don't have GCC then at least make sure your vendor's compiler is ANSI compliant. In addition, your PATH must contain basic build tools such as make.

Accurate time keeping

Elements of the HTTP protocol are expressed as the time of day. So, it's time to investigate setting some time synchronization facility on your system. Usually thentpdate or xntpd programs are used for this purpose which are based on the Network Time Protocol (NTP). See the NTP homepage for more details about NTP software and public time servers.

Perl 5 [OPTIONAL]

For some of the support scripts like apxs or dbmmanage (which are written in Perl) the Perl 5 interpreter is required (versions 5.003 or newer are sufficient). If you have multiple Perl interpreters (for example, a systemwide install of Perl 4, and your own install of Perl 5), you are advised to use the --with-perl option (see below) to make sure the correct one is used by configure. If no Perl 5 interpreter is found by the configure script, you will not be able to use the affected support scripts. Of course, you will still be able to build and use Apache httpd.

 

安装提示

Linux下，源码的安装一般由3个步骤组成：配置（configure）、编译（make）、安装（make install）。

过程中用到“configure --prefix=安装目录 --with-name=依赖库源码解压目录”；其中--prefix指的是安装目录，--with指的是安装本文件所依赖的库文件。

安装httpd时，进行指定安装，用到./configure --prefix

具体解释：“.”表示当前目录；“/”是目录分隔符；合起来就是当前目录下。

1)如不指定prefix，则可执行文件默认放在/usr/local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share。如果你要卸载这个程序，要么在原来的make目录下用一次make uninstall（前提是make文件指定过uninstall）,要么去上述目录里面把相关的文件一个个手工删掉。

2)如指定prefix，直接删掉一个文件夹就够了。

注：
./configure的作用是检测系统配置，生成makefile文件，以便你可以用make和make install来编译和安装程序。

./configure是源代码安装的第一步，主要的作用是对即将安装的软件进行配置，检查当前的环境是否满足要安装软件的依赖关系，但并不是所有的tar包都是源代码的包。

你可以先命令ls，看有没有configure或者makefile文件。

1)如果有configure，就./configure，有很多参数。如果系统环境合适，就会生成makefile，否则会报错。

2)如果有makefile，就直接make，然后make install。

你还可以用rpm或者deb包来安装。而且现在的发行版都有自己的包管理器，比如apt或yum，一个命令就可以从源下载软件，还可以自动解决依赖问题。

 

Apache安装过程

 Step 1：安装包gcc或gcc-c++

[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc-c++

Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager

Updating Red Hat repositories.

Available Packages

gcc-c++.x86_64                                                               4.1.2-51.el5                                                                rhel-debuginfo

[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc

Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager

Updating Red Hat repositories.

Installed Packages

gcc.x86_64                                                                    4.1.2-51.el5                                                                    installed

[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# rpm -q gcc

gcc-4.1.2-51.el5

从上面可见gcc包已经安装，缺少gcc-c++包，那么接下来安装包gcc-c++,如果此处不安装该包，后面安装过程中会报错。（编译C）

[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]#yum install  gcc-c++

 

Step 2：安装包APR和APR-Util

[root@getlnx05 kerry]# ls apr*　　（"kerry"是一个路径而已）

apr-1.4.8.tar.gz  apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz

[root@getlnx05 kerry]#

[root@getlnx05 kerry]# tar -zxvf apr-1.4.8.tar.gz

[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd apr-1.4.8

[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# ls

新建目录/usr/local/apr，用作安装目录：

[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# mkdir /usr/local/apr

[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# make

[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# make install

安装完成后，可以验证一下。

[ root@getlnx05 apr]# ls -lrt

total 32

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 include

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 lib

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 build-1

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 bin

[root@getlnx05 kerry]# tar -zxvf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz

[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd apr-util-1.5.2

[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# mkdir /usr/local/apr-util

[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config

[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# make

[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# make install

 

Step 3：安装包PCRE

[root@getlnx05 kerry]# unzip pcre-8.33.zip

[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd pcre-8.33

[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# mkdir /usr/local/pcre

[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config

[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# make

[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# make install

 

Step 4：安装Apache

[root@getlnx05 kerry]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.6.tar.gz

[root@getlnx05  kerry]# cd httpd-2.4.6

[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util

[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# make

[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# make install

Step 5：启动Apache服务

[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#  /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

用浏览器访问http://localhost时提示It works!