一、实验目标
- 掌握RIP协议的配置方法；
- 掌握查看通过动态路由协议RIP学习产生的路由；
- 熟悉广域网线缆的连接方式；
二、实验背景
假设校园网通过一台三层交换机连到校园网出口路由器上，路由器再和校园外的另一台路由器连接。现要做适当配置，实现校园网内部主机与校园网外部主机之间的相互通信。为了简化网管的管理维护工作，学校决定采用RIP V2协议实现互通。
三、技术原理
RIP（Routing Information Protocols），路由信息协议，是应用较早、使用较普通的IGP内部网关协议，适用于小型同类网络，是距离矢量协议；
RIP协议以跳数衡量路径开销，RIP协议里规定最大跳数为15；
RIP协议有两个版本：RIPv1和RIPv2，RIPv1属于有类路由协议，不支持VLSM，以广播形式进行路由信息的更新，更新周期为30秒；RIPv2属于无类路由协议，支持VLSM，以组播形式进行路由更新。
四、实验步骤
实验拓扑
1、在三层交换机上划分VLAN10和VLAN20，其中VLAN10用于连接校园网主机，VLAN20用于连接R1；
2、路由器之间通过V.35电缆通过串口连接，DCE端连接在R1上，配置其时间频率为64000；
3、主机和交换机通过直连线连接，主机与路由器通过交叉线连接；
4、在S3560上配置RIPv2路由协议；
5、在路由器R1、R2上配置RIPv2路由协议；
6、将PC1、PC2主机默认网关分别设置为与直连网络设备接口IP地址；
7、验证PC1、PC2主机之间可以互相通信；
S3560:
Switch>
Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname S3560
S3560(config)#vlan 10
S3560(config-vlan)#exit
S3560(config)#vlan 20
S3560(config-vlan)#exit
S3560(config)#interface fa0/10
S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#interface fa0/20
S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#interface vlan 10
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#interface vlan 20
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up
S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#router rip
S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
S3560(config-router)#version 2
S3560(config-router)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/20, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/20, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up
S3560(config-router)#end
S3560#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
S3560#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
S3560#show ip route //当配置好所有RIPv2后，再查看路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Vlan20
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Vlan20
S3560#
R1:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface fa0/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface serial 2/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:15, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R1#show ip route //当配置好所有RIPv2后，再查看路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.2, 00:00:11, Serial2/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#
R2:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface fa0/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 2/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
R2(config-router)#version 2
R2(config-router)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:00, Serial2/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:00, Serial2/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#
五、测试
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.2.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.1
PC>ping 192.168.1.2
Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 2, Lost = 2 (50% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 16ms, Maximum = 17ms, Average = 16ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.2
Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=19ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=13ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 13ms, Maximum = 19ms, Average = 15ms
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