如何在某些条件下将字符串添加到 Ansible 中的字典中

Question

我的剧本有问题，实际上我想在一些 Windows 主机上进行 ping 测试，我想通过 Slack 发送结果。我现在已经完成了所有这些，问题是我要发送的消息只是可以和不可以的列表。

这是ping的作用：

---
- name: get powershell version
  ignore_unreachable: true
  raw: $PSVersionTable
- name: ping
  ignore_unreachable: true
  win_ping:
  register: ping_results

只是有一个愿景，这是 ping_results 输出：

ok: [frsv000003.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": false, 
        "failed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
}
ok: [frsv000023.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": false, 
        "failed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
}
ok: [besv000075.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": false, 
        "msg": "psrp connection failure during runspace open: Received a broken RunspacePoolState message: Requested registry access is not allowed.", 
        "skip_reason": "Host besv000075.local.cloud.com is unreachable", 
        "unreachable": true
    }
}
ok: [frsv000007.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": false, 
        "msg": "psrp connection failure during runspace open: Received a WSManFault message. (Code: 2150858811, Machine: 172.9.1.xxx, Reason: The WS-Management service cannot process the request. The resource URI (http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/Microsoft.PowerShell) was not found in the WS-Management catalog. The catalog contains the metadata that describes resources, or logical endpoints.)", 
        "skip_reason": "Host frsv000007.local.cloud.com is unreachable", 
        "unreachable": true
    }
}

现在为了发送 slack 消息，我创建了一个条件，将正常和不正常的主机放在两个不同的列表中

- name: set fact
  set_fact:
    ok_list: []
- name: set fact2  
  set_fact:
    ok_list: "{{ ok_list + [item.value] }}"
  when: item.value is match('pong')
  with_dict: "{{ ping_results }}"
- name: set fact
  set_fact:
    nok_list: []
- name: set fact2  
  set_fact:
    nok_list: "{{ nok_list + [item.value] }}"
  when:
   - item.value is not match('pong')
  with_items: "{{ ping_results | dict2items }}"

我遇到的问题是这样的：

TASK [Hello-windows : Print variable ok] ***************************************
ok: [frsv000003.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": [
        "pong"
    ]
}
ok: [frsv000023.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": [
        "pong"
    ]
}
ok: [besv000075.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": []
}
ok: [frsv000007.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": []
}

我只需要获取主机名即可在 Slack 中打印它，问题是如何从一个列表中获取这些主机并且没有空值。谢谢。

编辑部分： @larsks 我将此作为答案，库存基于 ansible 塔包含很多主机，如第一个示例：

  frsv000003.local.cloud.com
  frsv000004.local.cloud.com
  frsv000005.local.cloud.com
  frsv000006.local.cloud.com
  frsv000007.local.cloud.com
  frsv000008.local.cloud.com
  frsv000009.local.cloud.com
  frsv000010.local.cloud.com
 ...

对于剧本，我使用一个角色，因此该角色的主文件与您相同

- name: set ok_list
  set_fact:
    ok_list: "{{ ok_list + [item] }}"
  when: hostvars[item].ping_results.ping|default('') == "pong"
  loop: "{{ groups.all }}"

- name: set nok_list
  set_fact:
    nok_list: "{{ nok_list + [item] }}"
  when: hostvars[item].ping_results.ping|default('') != "pong"
  loop: "{{ groups.all }}"

- debug:
    msg:
      - "ok_list: {{ ok_list }}"
      - "nok_list: {{ nok_list }}"

对于主文件（不是角色）我也有这个：

- name: Test windows Connectivity
  hosts: all
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
    ping_results:
    slack_msg:
    ok_list: []
    nok_list: []
  roles:
    - Hello-windows

所以当我使用带有 5 个主机的 jobtemplate 运行作业时，问题是我得到了一个这样的列表，这意味着 nok 列表包含所有主机：

TASK [Hello-windows : debug] ***************************************************
ok: [frsv000003.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": [
        "ok_list: [u'frsv000003.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000023.local.cloud.com']", 
        "nok_list: [u'frsv005207.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005336.local.cloud.com', u'uksv000232.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001871.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005090.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005333.local.cloud.com', u'frsv002043.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001811.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005150.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000928.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005529.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001606.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000236.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000929.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000363.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000539.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000653.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000508.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000654.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000205.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000632.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000516.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000427.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000137.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000466.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000324.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000974.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001451.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005432.local.cloud.com', u'besv005627.local.cloud.com',
    ]
}
ok: [frsv000023.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": [
        "ok_list: [u'frsv000003.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000023.local.cloud.com']", 
        "nok_list: [u'frsv005207.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005336.local.cloud.com', u'uksv000232.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001871.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005090.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005333.local.cloud.com', u'frsv002043.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001811.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005150.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000928.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005529.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001606.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000236.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000929.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000363.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000539.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000653.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000508.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000654.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000205.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000632.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000516.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000427.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000137.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000466.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000324.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000974.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001451.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005432.local.cloud.com', u'besv005627.local.cloud.com',
    ]
}
ok: [besv000075.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": [
        "ok_list: [u'frsv000003.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000023.local.cloud.com']", 
        "nok_list: [u'frsv005207.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005336.local.cloud.com', u'uksv000232.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001871.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005090.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005333.local.cloud.com', u'frsv002043.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001811.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005150.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000928.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005529.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001606.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000236.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000929.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000363.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000539.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000653.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000508.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000654.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000205.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000632.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000516.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000427.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000137.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000466.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000324.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000974.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001451.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005432.local.cloud.com', u'besv005627.local.cloud.com',
    ]
}
ok: [frsv000007.local.cloud.com] => {
    "msg": [
        "ok_list: [u'frsv000003.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000023.local.cloud.com']", 
        "nok_list: [u'frsv005207.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005336.local.cloud.com', u'uksv000232.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001871.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005090.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005333.local.cloud.com', u'frsv002043.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001811.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005150.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000928.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005529.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001606.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000236.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000929.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000363.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000539.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000653.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000508.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000654.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000205.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000632.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000516.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000427.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000137.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000466.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000324.local.cloud.com', u'frsv000974.local.cloud.com', u'frsv001451.local.cloud.com', u'frsv005432.local.cloud.com', u'besv005627.local.cloud.com',
    ]
}

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
besv000075.local.cloud.com : ok=3    changed=0    unreachable=1    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0   
frsv000003.local.cloud.com : ok=10   changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=10   rescued=0    ignored=0   
frsv000007.local.cloud.com : ok=3    changed=0    unreachable=1    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0   
frsv000023.local.cloud.com : ok=4    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0  

Answer 1

您的问题是ping_results 不是结果列表；这是单个主机的单个结果。运行时：

- name: ping
  ignore_unreachable: true
  win_ping:
  register: ping_results

这在每个主机上运行一次，并注册一个名为 ping_results 为该主机。您可以在调试输出中看到这一点。

要获取两个列表，一个是可访问的主机，另一个是主机 那不是，你需要一个在单个主机上运行的游戏（例如， localhost) 并遍历所有目标主机以查找 ping_results 变量。例如：

- hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
    - name: set ok_list
      set_fact:
        ok_list: "{{ ok_list + [item] }}"
      when: hostvars[item].ping_results.ping|default('') == "pong"
      vars:
        ok_list: []
      loop: "{{ groups.all }}"

    - name: set nok_list
      set_fact:
        nok_list: "{{ nok_list + [item] }}"
      when: hostvars[item].ping_results.ping|default('') != "pong"
      vars:
        nok_list: []
      loop: "{{ groups.all }}"

    - debug:
        msg:
          - "ok_list: {{ ok_list }}"
          - "nok_list: {{ nok_list }}"

使用您的示例数据运行此程序会产生以下结果：

PLAY [localhost] ***************************************************************

TASK [set ok_list] *************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => (item=frsv000003.local.cloud.com)
ok: [localhost] => (item=frsv000023.local.cloud.com)
skipping: [localhost] => (item=besv000075.local.cloud.com) 
skipping: [localhost] => (item=frsv000007.local.cloud.com) 

TASK [set nok_list] ************************************************************
skipping: [localhost] => (item=frsv000003.local.cloud.com) 
skipping: [localhost] => (item=frsv000023.local.cloud.com) 
ok: [localhost] => (item=besv000075.local.cloud.com)
ok: [localhost] => (item=frsv000007.local.cloud.com)

TASK [debug] *******************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => {
    "msg": [
        "ok_list: ['frsv000003.local.cloud.com', 'frsv000023.local.cloud.com']",
        "nok_list: ['besv000075.local.cloud.com', 'frsv000007.local.cloud.com']"
    ]
}

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=3    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   

我认为这就是你要找的。​​p>

---

注意：我在 hosts.yml:

all:
  hosts:
    frsv000003.local.cloud.com:
      ansible_host: localhost
      ping_results:
        changed: false
        failed: false
        ping: pong
    frsv000023.local.cloud.com:
      ansible_host: localhost
      ping_results:
        changed: false
        failed: false
        ping: pong
    besv000075.local.cloud.com:
      ansible_host: localhost
      ping_results:
        changed: false
        msg: "psrp connection failure during runspace open: Received a broken RunspacePoolState message: Requested registry access is not allowed."
        skip_reason: "Host besv000075.local.cloud.com is unreachable"
        unreachable: true
    frsv000007.local.cloud.com:
      ansible_host: localhost
      ping_results:
        changed: false
        msg: "psrp connection failure during runspace open: Received a WSManFault message. (Code: 2150858811, Machine: 172.9.1.xxx, Reason: The WS-Management service cannot process the request. The resource URI (http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/Microsoft.PowerShell) was not found in the WS-Management catalog. The catalog contains the metadata that describes resources, or logical endpoints.)"
        skip_reason: "Host frsv000007.local.cloud.com is unreachable"
        unreachable: true

像这样运行它：

ansible-playbook -i hosts.yml playbook.yml